Who first predicted dark matter

astronomer Fritz Zwicky

Dark matter’s existence was first inferred by Swiss American astronomer Fritz Zwicky, who in 1933 discovered that the mass of all the stars in the Coma cluster of galaxies provided only about 1 percent of the mass needed to keep the galaxies from escaping the cluster’s gravitational pull.

A dark star is a hypothetical type of star that may have existed early in the universe before conventional stars were able to form and thrive.

Dark matter, on the other hand, must have existed from very early times. The pattern of fluctuations we see in the CMB is the earliest evidence we have for dark matter in our Universe, dating from approximately 380,000 years after the Big Bang.

originally known as the “missing mass,” dark matter’s existence was first inferred by Swiss American astronomer Fritz Zwicky, who in 1933 discovered that the mass of all the stars in the Coma cluster of galaxies provided only about 1 percent of the mass needed to keep the galaxies from escaping the cluster’s

In a first, the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST) may have glimpsed a rare type of star that astronomers aren’t even sure exists. These stellar objects, called “dark stars,” might not have been fueled not by nuclear fusion but by the self-annihilation of dark matter—the invisible stuff that is thought to make up about 85 percent of the matter in the universe. The candidate stars seen by JWST will need more evidence to be confirmed, but if they’re real, the finding could change our story of how the first stars formed.

In the early universe, dark stars could have formed from the collapse of helium and hydrogen clouds made in the big bang. If dark matter particles are also their own antiparticles, as many dark matter theories posit, then within these collapsing clouds, those particles would have collided with each other and self-annihilated. The collision would have kicked off a chain of particle decay that ended with the production of photons, electron-positron pairs and neutrinos. Only the neutrinos would have really left the cloud, because they barely interact with matter. The other particles would have hit the hydrogen and helium and transferred their energy to this matter, which would have heated up the cloud and fueled the star’s formation and continued growth.

Observing a dark star directly would be “off-the-charts” amazing, says Pearl Sandick, a theoretical particle physicist at the University of Utah who was not involved in the study. There are, however, other ways to look for dark stars, such as via their signatures in the cosmic microwave background—the faint glow of radiation left over from when our universe was hot and young. Finding a dark star would not only provide a new look into the early formation of the universe, Sandick says, but would also be a unique opportunity to directly observe dark matter interactions. “Observing that,” she says, “would really provide new insight about the nature of dark matter as a particle.”

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