Mercury is shrinking

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Yes, Mercury is still shrinking. The planet’s molten iron core has been cooling down rapidly, causing the planet to contract. The planet’s diameter may have contracted by as much as 8.6 miles (14 kilometers) over the eons. 

Mercury’s surface is covered with scarps and grabens, which are small cracks parallel to a fault line. The planet looks like a shriveled-up apple. 

Mercury’s shrinking is caused by: 

  • Its molten, iron core cooling down at a rapid pace 
  • Its internal rock and molten metal getting cooler 
  • Internal heat leaking away 

The BepiColumbo was launched in 2018 to explore the planet’s surface from various angles. It is expected to take higher-resolution pictures of Mercury in late 2025 or early 2026.

Scientists have estimated Mercury’s radius to have reduced by 7 km since the first evidence of its shrinkage in 1974. Over the years, the reduction has led to the appearance of wrinkles, also known as “scarps,” on the planet’s surface

Mercury, the smallest planet in the solar system, is getting even — and getting more wrinkles as it does, a new study suggests. Scientists have known that Mercury is considerably smaller than it once was — it has gotten about 14 kilometers (8.6 miles) slimmer as the planet’s insides grew cooler.

For example, the stretch marks left behind by the planet’s contraction suggest that most of the shrinking happened early on, within the first 500 million years after Mercury formed, before continuing on at a slower rate.

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