In a study released Monday, researchers identified what appears to be the largest solar storm to hit Earth, estimated to be larger than the Carrington Event by an order of magnitude. The storm occurred 14,300 years ago, but is evidence of a yet unknown dimension of the sun’s extreme behavior and hazards to Earth

It’s clear that if one of these events [occurred] today … this would be quite destructive on our energy network and also internet network,” said Edouard Bard, lead author of the study. “This would really freeze, in fact, all communications and [travel] would be totally disrupted.”

The journey from space to our trees may seem fortuitous, but physics helps explain the cosmic connection, said astronomer Benjamin Pope, who was not involved in the research. Cosmic rays, or high energy particles, from space can strike Earth’s atmosphere and cause nuclear reactions.

The team measured radiocarbon levels in trees in the French Alps, which were older than previously sampled trees. Bard said typically these measurements are very boring and monotonous — but, in this case, a very distinct spike appeared in a single year 14,300 years ago.

This 14,300-year-old event appears to be bigger than any on record, but is one of nine extreme solar storms to occur in the last 15,000 years, discovered in tree rings over the past decade. These extreme events are known as Miyake events, named after Japanese physicist Fusa Miyake, who first discovered the radiocarbon spikes in tree rings in 2012. No Miyake event has been directly observed, like the Carrington Event

What if the Earth was hit by a solar storm?

Increased solar radiation and associated geomagnetic storms can have various effects: They can affect power grids on Earth as well as radio signals and communications systems. They can affect our satellite operations and GPS navigation capabilities

What’s going on with the sun 2023?

The Sun emitted a strong solar flare, peaking at 7:14 p.m. ET on July 2, 2023. NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory, which watches the Sun constantly, captured an image of the event.

Can a solar storm end Earth?

Fortunately, no matter what, flares do not have a significant effect on us here on Earth. The Earth’s atmosphere more or less acts as a shield to prevent the cosmic radiation from reaching us. There can be measurable effects at ground level, but the amount of radiation is pretty insignificant.

By comparing the rings of 140 trees buried in the bank of a French river, researchers estimate that the largest solar storm that we know of occurred 14,300 years ago

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