Spaceflights pollute the atmosphere with metals from debris and satellites. The debris includes spent boosters and defunct satellites. When they fall back through the atmosphere, they burn up and release metals into the stratosphere. 

Researchers have detected more than 20 elements in the atmosphere that match the ratios used in spacecraft. These elements include: Lithium, Aluminum, Copper, Lead. 

The metals are contaminating nearly 10% of the sulphuric acid particles that help maintain the ozone layer. This could increase to as high as 50% as space explorations become more popular in the coming decades. 

Researchers used tools attached to the nose cone of research planes to sample the atmosphere more than 11 miles above the planet’s surface. They discovered significant amounts of metals in aerosols. 

A recent study discovered a significant amount of metals lingering in the stratosphere, including lithium, aluminium, copper and lead. Since they exist in ratios similar to those found in alloys used in spacecraft, scientists suspect these rockets to be the main contributor to this shocking trend

Space travel can have negative impacts on the environment, including: 

• Air pollution: Burning fuels during space exploration causes air pollution. 
• Water pollution: Toxic chemicals emitted into the upper atmosphere by space rockets contribute to water pollution. 
• Ozone depletion: Rocket engines release harmful gases and soot particles into the upper atmosphere, which contribute to ozone depletion. The ozone layer protects the planet from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. 
• Warming in the stratosphere: Emissions from space travel can cause warming in the stratosphere. 
• Reduction in solar flux: Emissions from space travel can cause a reduction in solar flux, leading to cooling in the troposphere. 

The primary reason for space exploration’s carbon footprint is the burning of rocket fuels. According to a study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), global rocket launches inject about 1,000 tons of soot into the upper atmosphere per year. 

Sustainable fuels are the top priority to enable greener space travel. 

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