Air showers are a new method for studying the universe. Astronomers can use air showers to study cosmic rays, which are high-energy particles that bombard Earth from space. The new method involves analyzing the secondary particles created when cosmic rays hit Earth’s atmosphere. 

Scientists at Osaka Metropolitan University have observed cosmic-ray air showers with unprecedented precision. They used a prime-focus wide-field camera mounted on the Subaru Telescope, which is located on the Mauna Kea volcano in Hawaii. 

The new method involves observing properties of the air showers, such as: 

• The primary axis of propagation 
• The particle density along the axis or at ground level 

By observing these properties, scientists can derive the energy, incoming direction, and composition of the cosmic particles. 

Conventional observation methods make it difficult to distinguish between the different types of particles that make up the showers. 

Air Showers Ruin Astrophotos, but They Could be a New Method for Studying the Universe. Cosmic rays are a fascinating and potentially hazardous phenomenon. These high-energy particles typically consist of protons that have been stripped of their electrons and accelerated to nearly the speed of light.

What is the theory of cosmic ray showers?

Air showers of the cosmic radiation consist of cascades of subatomic particles and electromagnetic radiation resulting from nucleon–nucleon collisions of high-energy cosmic-ray particles from space with atomic nuclei of the earth’s atmosphere

Why are cosmic ray showers relevant to particle physics?

The very high-energy cosmic rays generate huge showers of up to 10 billion secondary particles or more, which can be picked up by particle detectors when they are spread over areas as large as 20 square kilometres on the surface of the Earth

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