In 2022, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) captured images of Jupiter that revealed a previously unseen feature: a high-speed jet stream. The jet stream is over 3,000 miles (4,800 kilometers) wide and travels at about 320 mph (515 kph). It’s located over Jupiter’s equator, 20-35 kilometers (12-21 miles) above the cloud tops.
The jet stream sheds light on the dynamics of Jupiter’s turbulent atmosphere. It’s positioned above the main cloud decks.
The JWST’s Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) covers the infrared wavelength range 0.6 to 5 microns. It detects light from:
- The earliest stars and galaxies in the process of formation
- The population of stars in nearby galaxies
- Young stars in the Milky Way
- Kuiper Belt objects
The JWST uses three filters to translate infrared light into colors that humans can see. The telescope’s images are colorized to match those on the visible spectrum. The longest wavelengths appear redder and the shortest wavelengths are shown as more blue.
In the JWST’s images, blue represents the main cloud layer. The blue glow around Jupiter’s poles is the aurora. The green represents layers of tenuous high-altitude haze.
The JWST’s instruments are specialized to observe in infrared wavelengths. These wavelengths can reveal phenomena that would go unseen in visible wavelengths.
The colors in the JWST’s images are not real. The telescope takes up to 29 grayscale images, each through a different filter that only passes infrared light of a certain wavelength. The colors in the images represent the variation in brightness with wavelength.
The JWST’s raw images are in black and white so the sensors can be at the highest possible resolution. The images are then artificially colored to give a sense of what those objects might look like to human eyes.
The JWST can see orange and red visible light. Klaus Pontoppidan, a JWST researcher, said, “Infrared colors are just as real as visible colors—what we do with Webb is not making up colors
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Universe discoveries 