On Saturday, October 21, 2023, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the first test flight of the Gaganyaan mission. The unmanned test flight, TV-D1, was launched from the Sriharikota launch pad at 10:00 AM. 

The test flight involved the crew module, which is designed to provide a safe environment for the crew during descent and landing. The flight also tested the efficiency of the vehicle’s crew escape system, which will be used in case astronauts have to eject in an emergency. 

The launch was originally scheduled for December 2020, then in December 2021, but it was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The flight plan was finally ready by April 2022 and the launch is expected to take place in 2024, after the TV-D1, TV-D2, TV-D3 and TV-D4. 

Gaganyaan is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft. It was manufactured by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The spacecraft is designed to carry three people and safely return to Earth after a mission duration of up to seven days. 

The Gaganyaan project aims to: 

• Demonstrate India’s human spaceflight capabilities 
• Send an astronaut to the Moon 
• Send its own space station to orbit 

The Gaganyaan project was developed at the cost of 90bn rupees ($1bn; £897m). It’s named after the Sanskrit word for craft or vehicle to the sky. 

The Gaganyaan crew module is a fully autonomous 5.3 t (12,000 lb) spacecraft. It’s equipped with: 

• Two parachutes for redundancy 
• A crew module that separates from the thruster and makes a soft sea landing 

The Gaganyaan project includes various precursor missions, such as: 

• Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT) 
• Pad Abort Test (PAT) 
• Test Vehicle (TV) flights 

The Gaganyaan test flight successfully tested the emergency escape system of its crew module. The crew module separated from the thruster and made a soft sea landing about 10 minutes after the launch.

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