The solar wind is a stream of charged particles and magnetic fields that the Sun releases. The solar wind strikes the front boundary of Mercury’s magnetosphere, or foreshock. Some of the solar wind protons rebound from the foreshock, generating low-frequency plasma waves.
Scientists from Japan and France, led by astronomer Mitsunori Ozaki of Kanazawa University, detected the whistling sound around Mercury.
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, ranging from 46 million km (28.58 million mi) at perihelion to 69.82 million km (43.38 million mi) at aphelion. Mercury has a weak intrinsic magnetic field and only a very tenuous atmosphere (exosphere). These three conditions result in a direct coupling between the plasma emitted from the Sun and Mercury’s surface.
The solar wind varies in density, temperature, and speed over time and over solar latitude and longitude. At a distance of more than a few solar radii from the Sun, the solar wind reaches speeds of 250–750 km/s and is supersonic.
Mercury is the closest planet to our Sun, ranging from 46 million km at perihelion to 69.82 million km (43.38 million mi) at aphelion. Because of its proximity, Mercury is strongly influenced by the steam of plasma constantly flowing from the Sun to the edge of the Solar System. Beginning with the Mariner 10 mission in 1974, robotic explorers have been sent to Mercury to measure how solar wind interacts with Mercury’s magnetic field. In a recent study, an international research team consulted data from the BepiColombo International Mercury Exploration Project
Solar wind is a stream of charged particles that flow outward from the Sun’s corona, or outer atmosphere. The particles are mostly electrons, protons, and alpha particles. They travel at speeds of up to 900 km/s and at a temperature of 1 million degrees Celsius.
The solar wind is created when the Sun’s corona is heated to the point that the Sun’s gravity can’t hold it down. The plasma then travels along the Sun’s magnetic field lines that extend radially outward.
Different regions on the Sun produce solar wind of different speeds and densities. The ACE spacecraft is located at the Lagrangian point L1, which is an equilibrium point in the Sun-Earth gravitational system. It gives 30 min to 1 h advance notice of solar wind speeds, which are typically in the 400–800 km/s range.
The Earth’s magnetic field deflects the solar wind long before it reaches the ground. Some of the charged solar wind particles can make it through near the poles, but are stopped by the atmosphere.
Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and the smallest planet in the solar system. It’s a terrestrial planet with a heavily cratered surface. Mercury has no moons and orbits the sun faster than any other planet in the solar system.
Here are some facts about Mercury:
- It’s the second hottest planet in the solar system.
- It’s 3,032 miles wide at its equator, making it only slightly larger than Earth’s moon.
- It has a heavily cratered surface due to overlapping impact events.
- It has no geological activity and an extremely tenuous atmosphere called an exosphere.
- It has enigmatic depressions on its surface called “hollows”.
- The Sun appears more than three times as large from the surface of Mercury, and the sunlight is as much as 11 times brighter.
- Its magnetic field at the surface has just 1% the strength of Earth’s.
Mercury is the most elusive of the five planets that are visible to the naked eye.
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