NASA’s Curiosity rover has found evidence that Mars once had the right conditions to support life. The rover discovered: 

• Wet-dry cycles The rover found ancient mud cracks that formed a distinctive hexagonal pattern. These cycles could have been key to the formation of complex chemical building blocks necessary for microbial life. 
• Key ingredients The rover found sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and carbon in a powder sample drilled from the “Sheepbed” mudstone in Yellowknife Bay. These are key ingredients necessary for life. 
• Ancient rivers The rover found evidence that much of the craters on Mars today could have once been habitable rivers. 

The rover also found: 

• Bench-and-nose features, which are found within numerous small craters. 
• Landforms that were not recognized as being deposits formed by running water

NASA has made several other discoveries on Mars in 2023, including: 

• A meteorite The Curiosity rover found an iron-nickel meteorite nicknamed “Cacao” on January 28, 2023. The meteorite is about 1 foot (30 centimeters) across and was found in the “sulfate-bearing unit” on Mount Sharp. 
• Mars’ rotation NASA’s InSight study found that Mars’ rotation rate is accelerating by about 4 milliarcseconds per year². Scientists have made the most precise measurements ever of Mars’ rotation. 
• Flat rocks NASA found many rocks on Mars that are unusually flat when compared to rocks on Earth. The carbon-dioxide wind on Mars can act like sandpaper when it blows around gritty Martian sand. 
• Organic carbon The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument found organic molecules in several samples drilled from Mount Sharp and the surrounding plains. Organic molecules are the building blocks of life. 
• Water on Mars Both Mars rovers and orbiters have found evidence for water in the past. 

Curiosity rover

the Curiosity rover is still operational. As of October 19, 2023, it has been active on Mars for 3981 sols (4091 total days; 11 years, 74 days) since its landing. Curiosity’s internal power supply will allow it to continue operating through the Martian winter. 

Curiosity was launched from Earth on November 26, 2011, and landed on Mars on August 6, 2012. As of January 2023, there were three rovers currently in operation on Mars: Curiosity, Perseverance, and Zhurong.

Here are some recent news stories about the Curiosity rover: 

• The rover completed a 100.3 meter backwards drive, its longest one-day trek in over three months. 
• The rover reached a perilous ridge on Mars after three failed attempts. 
• The rover sent “postcards” to researchers on Earth, captured with black-and-white navigation cameras on April 8, 2023. 
• The rover discovered carbon that may provide clues to ancient Mars. 
• The rover found a book-shaped rock on Mars.

We’re finding evidence that Mars was likely a planet of rivers.” Thanks to a combination of images from NASA’s Curiosity rover, scans of sedimentary rock beneath the Gulf of Mexico on Earth and computer simulations, geologists have identified the ancient, eroded remnants of rivers in a number of craters on Mars

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