Here are some types of galaxies: 

• Spiral galaxies These galaxies have a disk-like structure with a central bulge. They are dominated by dark matter, which makes up nearly 80% of their matter by mass. The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy. 
• Irregular galaxies These galaxies have no definite shape, but are in constant motion. Some irregular galaxies were once spiral or elliptical galaxies but were deformed by an uneven external gravitational force. 
• Barred spiral galaxies These galaxies have aged and developed an elongated bar-like feature through the nucleus that connects the spiral arms. 
• Lenticular galaxies These galaxies are a cross between spirals and ellipticals. They have the central bulge and disk common to spiral galaxies but no arms. 
• Quasars These are the most energetic and distant members of active galactic nuclei. They were first identified as high redshift sources of electromagnetic energy, including radio waves and visible light. 
• Sombrero Galaxy These galaxies have an ellipsoidal outer halo, plus a disc like structure with dust lanes similar to spiral galaxies, but without spiral arms. The most famous example of this type of galaxy is the Sombrero Galaxy (M104).

The four main types of galaxies are: Spiral galaxies, Elliptical galaxies, Lenticular galaxies, Irregular galaxies. 

Galaxies are classified by their shape

Here are some of the largest galaxies in the universe: 

• Andromeda galaxy: The largest galaxy in the Local Group. 
• Milky Way: The second-largest galaxy in the Local Group. 
• Triangulum galaxy: The third-largest galaxy in the Local Group. 
• Alcyoneus: The largest known galaxy in the universe. 
• IC 1101: Has a diameter of four million light years. 
• Hercules A: Has a diameter of 1.5 million light years. 
• A2261-BCG: Has a diameter of one million light years. 
• UGC 2885: Also known as Rubin’s Galaxy.

The Milky Way is the second-largest galaxy in the Local Group.  The Andromeda galaxy is the largest galaxy in the Local Group, and is 2–3 times the size of the Milky Way.  The Milky Way is a medium-sized galaxy with an estimated 200 billion stars.  The Andromeda galaxy has perhaps as many as 1 trillion stars. 

The largest known galaxy is IC 1101, which is 50 times the size of the Milky Way and about 2,000 times more massive. IC 1101 is a supergiant elliptical galaxy with a diameter of four million light years. It contains an abundance of low to medium mass red and yellow stars, most of which are quite old. 

The exact number of galaxies in the universe is unknown. Estimates vary, but a reasonable range is between 100 and 200 billion galaxies. The Hubble Deep Field, which is a long exposure of a relatively empty part of the sky, provides evidence that there are about 125 billion galaxies in the observable universe. 

Recent estimates suggest there could be as many as two trillion galaxies in the observable universe. However, scientists haven’t counted every single galaxy in the known observable universe. This number will almost definitely change as we learn more about our universe in the future. 

Alcyoneus is the largest known galaxy in the universe, with lobes that span 16.3 million light-years. It’s located about 3 billion light-years away. 

IC 1101 is the largest known galaxy in the observable universe, with a diameter of four million light years. It’s located almost a billion light-years away. 

The largest galaxies are either elliptical or spiral galaxies. Most galaxies grow to their current size by absorbing other galaxies. 

Spiral galaxies are the most common type of galaxy in the universe, accounting for 77% of all known galaxies. They are named for their shape, which is a flat disk of stars with a bright bulge in the center. The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxy are both spiral galaxies. 

Elliptical galaxies are also very common, and are the largest galaxies observed. They are often not as bright as spiral galaxies, and contain mostly older stars. They can range in size from giants, which are more massive than any spiral, to dwarfs, which have masses of only about 106MSun. Dwarf ellipticals are probably the most common type of galaxy in the nearby universe

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