The black hole in the Milky Way, GRS 1915+105, may rotate 1,150 times per second, which is close to the theoretical upper limit. The Milky Way’s black hole is spinning incredibly fast, with a value between 0.84 and 0.96. 

Black holes spin at nearly the speed of light. This is counterintuitive, but it’s necessary under the laws of physics. 

The faster a black hole spins, the smaller its event horizon. For a given mass, the faster a black hole spins, the smaller its event horizon. 

The Milky Way’s central black hole is Sagittarius A*, which is more than 25,000 light years from Earth. It’s our nearest supermassive black hole, with an estimated mass millions of times that of our Sun. 

Pick any object in the Universe, and it is probably spinning. Asteroids tumble end over end, planets and moons rotate on their axes, and even black holes spin. And for everything that spins, there is a maximum rate at which it can rotate

The event horizon is the spherical outer boundary of a black hole. It’s the point where the gravitational influence of the black hole is so great that not even light can escape. The event horizon is an imaginary sphere that measures how close to the singularity you can safely get. 

The event horizon of a rotating black hole is an infinite-redshift surface. It’s a one-way surface where particles can never escape to infinity. 

The event horizon of a black hole is defined by its Schwarzschild radius. The Schwarzschild radius is calculated by the equation:

rs=2GMc2 

Where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the body, and c is the speed of light. 

A rotating black hole can have several important surfaces associated with it, including: 

• The outer horizon 
• The inner horizon 

Charged black holes have two event horizons instead of one. Rotating black holes have two event horizons and two photon spheres. 

A rotating black hole is called a Kerr black hole.  Kerr black holes are uncharged and rotate around a central axis.  They are characterized by their mass (M) and specific angular momentum (a). If a2 > M2, the Kerr solution describes an asymptotically flat spacetime with a naked singularity. If a2 ≤ M2, the Kerr solution represents a rotating black hole with two horizons. If a2 = M2, the Kerr black hole is called an extreme Kerr black hole. 

Kerr black holes are purely theoretical. If they do exist, they could offer time travelers a one-way trip into the past or future. 

Black holes are formed when massive stars collapse under their own gravity. Black holes are almost always spinning because they form from spinning bodies of matter. They’re also almost always have zero net electric charge. 

When a black hole rotates, the space both outside and inside the event horizon rotates, too. This is called frame-dragging, which can be enormous for black holes. 

Scientists can measure the spin of a black hole by studying the x-rays emitted by its accretion disk. The rotation gives the x-ray light a boost of energy, and by measuring that boost, scientists can determine the spin.

Rotating black holes leave an imprint on passing radiation that can be detected by radio telescopes. The imprint is caused by twists in space-time. 

Scientists can also measure the spin of a black hole by: 

• Modeling the shape of the X-ray continuum 
• Estimating the mass, distance, and viewing angle 
• Looking for light distortions in X-rays streaming off material near black holes 

Black holes can spin either clockwise or counterclockwise. Astronomers have seen no evidence that black holes have “handedness,” meaning they tend to spin one way or the other

Black holes form when massive stars collapse under their own gravity. They can also form from the collapse or collision of a collection of compact objects, stars, or gas with a total non-zero angular momentum. 

Black holes spin because of the total angular momentum of all the material that ever crossed the event horizon and got trapped inside. The remaining matter falls towards the center of the star, spinning faster and faster as it goes. 

Smaller black holes (non-supermassive ones) are thought to form as they accumulate material from a disk of gas that surrounds them. This feeds into their spin in a single direction and allows the black holes to gain speed rapidly.

Can black holes spin faster than light

No, black holes can’t spin faster than light. Black holes are regions of spacetime where the curvature is so high that nothing can escape. Light can try to escape towards the surface, but spacetime is curved in such a way that the light is forced to go in another direction and never actually reaches the surface. 

No part of a rotating object can move faster than the speed of light. If the object is small enough, it can still rotate at a zillion times a second. 

The supermassive black hole at the center of galaxy NGC 1365 is turning at 84% the speed of light. It has reached the cosmic speed limit, and can’t spin any faster without revealing its singularity

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