Astrometry is the best way to find Earth-like planets in the habitable zone around Sun-like stars. Astrometry can detect planets with better precision. 

Other methods for finding planets in the habitable zone include: 

• Direct imaging This method works best on young planets that are far from their stars and still emitting infrared. 
• Mid-infrared exoplanet imaging This method uses ground-based telescopes to capture images of planets about three times the size of Earth within the habitable zones of nearby stars. 
• Transits Astronomers can detect exoplanets by looking for a small dip in light, called a “transit,” shining from a star as the planet orbits in front of it. 

Planets in the habitable zone have a higher chance of supporting life than those that aren’t. However, we can’t tell very much beyond a planet’s dimensions.  Internal energy sources such as radioactive decay and tidal heating can warm a planet’s surface to the melting point of water. These energy sources can also maintain subsurface reservoirs of liquid water, so a planet could contain life without being within its star’s habitable zone. 

The astrometry method has the greatest potential to detect Earth-like planets in HZs around Sun-like stars, but only with better precision. Lastly, the researchers simulated results from direct imaging, a method only in its infancy. It works best on young planets still emitting infrared that are far from their stars

According to NASA, the habitable zone around a star varies depending on the star’s type. For example, bigger, hotter stars like the sun have a wider habitable zone, while smaller red dwarfs have a narrower range. 

K stars are good places to look for habitable planets because there are three times as many K dwarfs in our galaxy as stars like our Sun. There are roughly 1,000 K stars within 100 light-years of our Sun. 

M and K stars are also good places to look for habitable planets because planets in the habitable zone are easier to detect with the Doppler technique. M and K type stars also have lower astrophysical noise than G and F type stars. 

Smaller, cooler stars can have habitable planets orbiting more closely, which are easier to detect. 

NASA defines a habitable planet as one that can sustain life for a significant period. A habitable planet must have: 

• The right distance from its star 
• A more or less circular orbit 
• A stable rotational axis 
• Some water, but not too much 
• No hydrogen-rich atmosphere 
• Plate tectonics 
• A magnetic field 
• Conditions favorable for the assembly of complex organic molecules 
• Energy sources to sustain metabolism 
• The right chemical ingredients for life, including water and carbon 

The availability of liquid water is the most important factor that makes a planet habitable. Water is a very effective polar molecule and hence an excellent solvent and facilitator for the complex chemistry of life

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