Farming on the moon is possible, but difficult. Plants can grow in lunar regolith, but they are not as robust as plants grown in Earth soil. 

One way to farm on the moon is to use lunar soil nutrients. The regolith is passed through a sorter to extract and process valuable mineral nutrients. The nutrients are then dissolved in water and fed into a hydroponic greenhouse where plants grow vertically on the moon’s surface. 

Astronauts can also use grow bags. The bags contain seeds suspended in a coated clay substrate impregnated with special fertilizer. The crew can nurture growth by controlling colored LEDs and electric fans. 

Examples of crops that can be grown on the moon include: 

Onions, Carrots, Beets, Potatoes, Asparagus, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Corn, Lettuce, Spinach

In a tiny, lab-grown garden, the first seeds ever sown in lunar dirt have sprouted. This small crop was planted in samples returned by the Apollo missions roughly 50 years ago. And its success offers hope that astronauts might someday grow their own food on the moon

But there’s a catch. Plants potted in lunar dirt were far scrawnier than those grown in volcanic material from Earth. Moon-grown plants also grew more slowly than those nourished in earthly material. These findings suggest that farming on the moon would take a lot more than a green thumb

The first plant to sprout in lunar dirt was a thale cress plant. The seed was potted in lunar dirt that was collected by Apollo astronauts. 

China also grew a cotton plant on the moon. The plant sprouted in the biosphere belly of China’s Chang’e 4 lander. It froze to death after two weeks.

What is the first plant grown on moon?

This tiny garden shows farming on the moon may be difficult, though not impossible. This thale cress plant sprouted from a seed potted in lunar dirt that was collected by Apollo astronauts

Can we plant trees on moon?

The Moon is short of gas, and the amounts needed to make an atmosphere are prohibitive. However, with an enclosed system, if you take nitrogen, water, soil, fertilizer, carbon dioxide, and probably some oxygen, yes you could grow plants.

Scientists are researching how to farm on the moon. They are looking into how lunar regolith could support growing food for humans. Growing plants for food and oxygen will be critical for future long-term lunar missions. 

One idea is to use lunar regolith to create fertilizer for hydroponic farming. The nutrients could be pulled from soil using a processing plant and then dissolved into water. The nutrients would then be fed into a hydroponic greenhouse where plants grow vertically on the moon’s surface. 

The European Space Agency (ESA) has joined forces with Norwegian lunar agriculture firm Solsys Mining to develop a method for converting lunar soil into fertilizer. 

NASA has also been working on its own growing system for space colonies. They are also developing the Prototype Lunar/Mars Greenhouse project. 

The moon has enough land to farm 75% as much as we do on Earth today

Researchers have already had success growing beans using simulated lunar highland regolith as a nutrient source. A new technique for processing lunar soil may help foster plant growth on the moon in hopes for sustaining more long-term lunar missions

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