The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has observed the Fomalhaut system with its NIRCam instrument and coronagraph. The JWST has been able to resolve the inner regions of the dusty debris in the system. 

Findings 

• The JWST found three nested belts of warm dust surrounding Fomalhaut. The inner two belts had never been seen before. 
• The findings suggest that planets shape the debris disk. 
• The JWST saw what Gáspár labeled “the great dust cloud”. This may point to a collision in the outer ring of Fomalhaut between two “under construction” infant planets. 
• The JWST images revealed unexpected asteroids in the Fomalhaut star. 
• The JWST uncovered evidence of a complex and possibly active planetary system. 

Other information 

• The JWST was launched in late 2021 and is currently in orbit about one million miles away from Earth. 
• The JWST’s development process cost $10 billion over 17 years. 
• The JWST’s main uses include studying the atmospheres of exoplanets to search for the building blocks of life elsewhere in the universe.

In May 2023, a team of researchers used the JWST’s MIRI to probe the complex dust environment around the star. They discovered a new intermediate dust belt that might be shepherded by an unseen planet. That research suggested that the blob, Fomalhaut b, could’ve originated in this belt

The JWST uses multiple methods to find planets: 

• Transit method: The JWST looks for dimming of a star’s light when a planet passes between the star and the telescope. 
• Coronagraphic surveys: Ground-based telescopes with extreme adaptive optics identify young, Jupiter-mass planets. 
• Direct detection: The JWST can directly detect some exoplanets. 

The JWST also uses: 

• Spectroscopy: The JWST’s spectroscopes split light into spectra that reveal the chemical composition of planets and stars. 
• Photometry: The JWST measures the intensity of an object’s electromagnetic radiation. 
• Transit spectroscopy: The JWST observes light from a star as it travels through an orbiting planet’s atmosphere.

Fomalhaut b 

• The planet Fomalhaut b was first inferred from Hubble observations in 2005. It was estimated to be no more than three times the mass of Jupiter. 
• Fomalhaut b was the first extrasolar planet candidate imaged at visible wavelengths. 
• However, analyses in 2019 and 2023 indicate that Fomalhaut b isn’t a planet. Instead, it’s an expanding blob of debris from a massive planetesimal collision. 
• Some astronomers say Fomalhaut b was a cloud of asteroid debris.

The Fomalhaut system is a star system that includes the star Fomalhaut, also known as Alpha Piscis Austrini. Fomalhaut is the 18th brightest star in the night sky. It’s located in the constellation Piscis Austrinus, the Southern Fish. 

Facts about Fomalhaut 

• Fomalhaut is a white main sequence star. 
• It’s the brightest star in Piscis Austrinus. 
• It’s located 25.13 light-years from Earth. 
• It’s an “A star”, which means it’s more massive and luminous than the sun. 
• It’s younger than the sun, with an age of approximately 400 million years. 
• It’s physically linked to two other, less-massive stars: TW PsA and LP 876-10. 
• Astronomers first discovered a single belt of debris around Fomalhaut in 1983. 

Other information 

• Fomalhaut is used in navigation because of its conspicuous place in a sky region otherwise lacking in bright stars. 
• Fomalhaut is part of a half-circle of faint stars that marks the open mouth of the Southern Fish.( source google)

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has found evidence of hidden planets around the star Fomalhaut. The JWST’s images found three nested belts of warm dust surrounding Fomalhaut. The dusty disk around Fomalhaut was initially discovered in 1983 using NASA’s Infrared Astronomical Satellite. 

The JWST also observed the first asteroid belt seen outside of our solar system. The asteroid belt may hold evidence of hidden planets. 

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