The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has found eight more super-Earths: 

• TOI-771b 
• TOI-4559b 
• Massive super-Earth 
• Ultra-short-period super-Earth 
• Unusually low-density super-Earth 

TESS is a space telescope for NASA’s Explorer program that searches for exoplanets. It was launched in 2018 and has identified 5,969 candidate exoplanets, of which 268 have been confirmed. 

Super-Earths are a class of planets that are more massive than Earth but lighter than ice giants like Neptune and Uranus. They can be made of gas, rock, or a combination of both. They are between twice the size of Earth and up to 10 times its mass.

As of November 18, 2022, TESS had discovered 273 confirmed exoplanets. TESS has also found 4,079 candidate planets that are still awaiting confirmation or rejection as false positive by the scientific community. 

TESS has mapped over 93% of the sky from its orbit around Earth. During its two-year primary mission, TESS’ four sensitive cameras systematically scanned over 200,000 of the nearest and brightest stars, imaging 75% of the sky. 

There are thousands of other “candidate” exoplanet detections that require further observations in order to say for sure whether or not the exoplanet is real

There are several reasons why there are no known super-Earths in our solar system: 

• Size of Earth Earth is the largest terrestrial planet in our solar system. 
• Dust There may not have been enough dust and other matter in the rings around the young sun to support the formation of very large, Earth-like planets. 
• Jupiter The existence of Jupiter may have suppressed the formation of super-Earths. Jupiter’s orbit is highly responsible for our solar system’s dynamics. Scientists believe Jupiter may have migrated toward the inner part of the solar system before moving back out to its current position. 
• Migration of giant planets Early super-Earths may have formed, but didn’t survive, perhaps getting ejected as the giant planets migrated. 
• Location of super-Earth Depending on the position of the super-Earth, the orbit of the Earth itself and its habitability would be altered. The orbits of Mercury, Venus, Uranus, and Neptune could all become destabilized.

There is no definitive answer to how many Earth-like planets exist in the universe. However, estimates suggest that there could be upwards of 1020Earth-like planets in the universe. This estimate is based on the assumption that there are 100 billion galaxies in the universe, and each galaxy is similar to the Milky Way. 

Scientists have discovered 55 planets that could be Earth-like. Some of the most Earth-like worlds we’ve found include: 

• Kepler-186f The first Earth-sized world discovered in the habitable zone of another star 
• Kepler-452b NASA considers this exoplanet and its star to be the closest analog to our planet and Sun 

The search for Earth-like exoplanets is ongoing. New discoveries in astronomy and astrophysics may bring us closer to finding them.

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is different from the Kepler mission in several ways: 

• Area surveyed TESS surveys the entire sky, which is about 400 times larger than the area surveyed by Kepler. 
• Stars surveyed TESS examines stars that are 30 to 100 times brighter than those surveyed by Kepler. This makes it easier to characterize TESS planets with follow-up observations. 
• Stars included TESS includes younger and hotter stars than Kepler, along with many of the low-mass red stars known as M dwarfs. 
• Sensitivity Kepler had a significantly better sensitivity than any other instruments at the time, enabling it to find exoplanets as small as half the size of the Earth. 

TESS uses the same approach as Kepler in searching for periodic transits of stars by planets whose orbits pass in front of the star

The transit method is a successful way to find exoplanets. It’s been used by NASA’s Kepler and K2 missions, which have discovered more than 3,000 confirmed planets. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) also uses the transit method. 

The transit method works by measuring the reduction in brightness of a star when a planet orbiting it moves between the star and the telescope. The amount of light being blocked tells us about the apparent size of the exoplanet. 

Other space telescopes that have been used to discover exoplanets include: Spitzer, Hubble.

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