The European Space Agency’s (ESA) Euclid telescope will share its first five full-color images of the universe on Tuesday, November 7. The photo release is scheduled for 8:15 a.m. ET (1315 GMT). 

The Euclid mission’s primary goal is to study the nature and properties of dark energy and dark matter, which together make up a significant portion of the Universe. The mission aims to construct an advanced 3D map of the dark universe by charting out shapes and distributions of billions of galaxies and star clusters as much as 10 billion light-years away. 

The Euclid spacecraft lifted off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida at 11:12 a.m. EDT on Saturday, July 1. It has arrived at its destination about 1 million miles (1.5 million kilometers) from Earth, a vantage point known as the Second Lagrange Point (L2). ( source google)

The Euclid mission’s science goals are to: 

• Explore the evolution of the dark universe 
• Investigate the nature of dark energy, dark matter, and gravity 
• Understand the universe on its largest scales 
• Better understand dark energy and dark matter 

The mission will: 

• Make a 3D map of the universe with time as the third dimension 
• Observe billions of galaxies out to 10 billion light-years 
• Measure the average spacing between galaxies 
• Reveal how dark matter is distributed across space-time 

The Euclid project is a medium-class mission as part of the ESA’s Cosmic Vision science program and has a total cost of 1.4 billion euros( source google)

Dark energy is the term for whatever is causing the universe’s expansion to accelerate. It’s estimated that about 68 percent of the universe is made of dark energy. 

The exact nature of dark energy remains a mystery. The main candidates are: 

• Cosmological constant: A constant energy density filling space homogeneously 
• Scalar fields: Dynamic quantities having energy densities that vary in time and space, such as quintessence or moduli 

Dark energy’s presence can only be inferred from the observation of the large-scale structure and its dynamics. This led scientists to propose the existence of “dark energy”. 

The Euclid mission’s objective is to better understand dark energy by accurately measuring the accelerating expansion of the universe. It will look for the influence of dark energy or changes in gravity’s influence throughout the universe over time by observing how galaxies have clustered together during different cosmic eras in its history

The Euclid mission uses two instruments: 

• Visible instrument (VIS): A 600-megapixel camera that records visible light 
• Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP): A near-infrared spectrometer and photometer that determines the redshift of detected galaxies 

The Euclid mission’s 1.2-meter mirror telescope collects light and passes it to the two instruments. A dichroic filter behind the telescope splits the light into visible and infrared light. 

The instruments are provided by the ESA member states, with NASA contributing to the NISP. JPL led the procurement and delivery of the NISP detectors. 

The Euclid instruments cover a large common field-of-view, enabling the mission to survey more than 35% of the entire sky. 

Here are some ways the Euclid satellite compares to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST): 

• Field of view Euclid has a much larger field of view than JWST. In a single observation, Euclid can record data from an area of the sky more than 100 times larger than that imaged by Webb’s camera, NIRCam. 
• Sensitivity Euclid is smaller and less sensitive than JWST. However, Euclid has the same quality imaging as the Hubble Space Telescope. 
• Instruments Euclid has two instruments: a 600-megapixel camera that records visible light, and a near-infrared spectrometer and photometer that determines the redshift of detected galaxies. JWST has four science instruments sensitive to a range of red and infrared wavelengths. 
• Mission Euclid’s mission is to study the nature and properties of dark energy and dark matter. JWST’s mission is to deepen our knowledge of star formation and galaxy evolution. 
• Partners Euclid is a European Space Agency (ESA) mission. JWST is a joint project by NASA, ESA, and the Canadian Space Agency.

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