
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has captured several images of stars being born:
- Herbig-Haro 46/47: A pair of young stars actively forming in high-resolution near-infrared light
- Herbig-Haro 211 (HH 211): An image of a newborn star that shows supersonic jets of star matter emanating from its poles
- Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex: The closest star-forming region to Earth
The Webb telescope has also captured images of other celestial objects, including:
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Their satellites, Comets, Asteroids, Minor planets.
The Webb telescope has near-IR and mid-IR sensitivity, which allows it to observe virtually all known Kuiper Belt Objects. It can also observe some of the first galaxies, which formed a few hundred million years after the big bang.
The James Webb Space Telescope has captured several images of stars being born:
- HH12: A protostar located about 1,300 light years from Earth
- L1527 nebula: A baby star leaving its parent cloud for its own space
- Class 0 protostar: A young star similar to our Sun when it was just a few tens of thousands of years old
The telescope also captured a high-resolution image of 50 sun-like stars being born. The image shows dusty clouds surrounding the stars as they’re forming, and vibrant red plumes shooting out as they’re born.
Yes, astronomers have observed stars being born:
- Massive star Astronomers observed the birth of a massive star within a dark cloud core about 10,000 light years from Earth.
- Youngest known star Astronomers glimpsed what could be the youngest known star at the very moment it is being born.
- HH12 The James Webb Space Telescope captured an image of a star taking birth, named HH12, located about 1,300 light years from Earth.
The Hubble Space Telescope has also captured energetic jets of glowing gas from young stars. These dynamic jets are a newborn star’s birth announcement to the universe.
However, it’s unlikely that we know a single star that we observed often and detailed enough so that we can say “this was pre-main sequence back then and is main sequence now”. This is due to the very slow evolution, the extremely limited data set, and the very low star birth rate of 300 / century.
The James Webb Space Telescope’s images of stars being born have helped astronomers understand star formation in more detail:
- Jets Young stars shoot out jets that interact with the cloud, creating wavy textures
- Shock waves Gases spewed from newborn stars form shock waves that collide with nearby gas and dust at high speeds
- Shadows Some of the stars display shadows, indicating possible planets in the making
The image of the birth of 50 sun-like stars reveals:
- The existence of at least 50 young stars, all similar in mass to the Sun or smaller
- The darkest areas are the densest, where thick dust cocoons still-forming protostars
The image of the birth of a Sun-like star reveals:
- Jets of star matter blasting from the poles of a very young star and zipping through space at supersonic speeds
- An outflow from a Class 0 protostar, a young star similar to our Sun when it was just a few tens of thousands of years old and only 8% of its current mass
Baby stars are called protostars. A protostar is a very young star that is still gathering mass from its parent molecular cloud. This is the earliest phase in the process of stellar evolution.
A star is born when the gas and dust from a nebula become so hot that nuclear fusion starts. Before that, they are called protostars.
Protostars form in dense clouds of gas and dust like the Orion Complex. When such a cloud collapses due to gravity, it forms a disk of material that continues to fuel the growth of a new star. In turn, planets form from the leftover material in the disk surrounding the newborn star.
Batches of stars that have recently formed from molecular clouds are often called stellar clusters, and molecular clouds full of stellar clusters are called stellar nurseries.
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