Researchers are exploring the possibility of using gravitational lensing to establish an intergalactic internet. The idea is that if we can reliably share data from star-to-star using gravitational lensing, we can theoretically begin to establish a sort of intergalactic internet.

Here are some ideas for how gravity could be used to transmit power between stars: 

• Focusing a laser beam If you place a giant laser at the right distance from a star, you could use the gravity of the star to direct the beam, creating a focus point at a certain distance. 
• Slingshotting a spacecraft It’s possible to use the gravitational field of the Sun or Jupiter to slingshot a spacecraft designed for interstellar travel towards a nearby star at very high speeds. However, the travel time to even the nearest star would be thousands and thousands of years.

The research team proposes that by positioning a spacecraft around the focal region of a solar gravitational lens (SGL), we could, in theory, enhance the light coming from exoplanets and other faint celestial bodies and transmit this information to other star systems

The idea of an interstellar internet is not new. It’s a universal network that would transcend planets, stars, and galaxies. 

The Interplanetary Internet is a core implementation of the internet that works across planets. In this implementation, satellites orbiting a planet communicate to other planet’s satellites. However, there are many challenges to communications because these planets revolve around the Sun with long distances.  For example, it generally takes about 5 to 20 minutes for a radio signal to travel the distance between Mars and Earth, depending on planet positions. 

The Interplanetary Internet Special Interest Group (IPNSIG) works to expand the internet into space. Their objective is to extend terrestrial networking into solar system space. 

Scientists say that an interstellar internet may be possible if we can weaponize the gravity of massive stars.

The internet would work across planets by linking planetary internets with internet gateways. These gateways would be located at various locations across the solar system

The internet would use current TCP/IP protocols on planets. However, protocols that link internets between planets would need to be developed. 

The internet would use the DSN array of antennas to send and receive data. The DSN is the international network of antennas used by NASA to track data and control navigation of interplanetary spacecraft. 

The internet would use satellites, probes, and other vehicles as their own servers. These servers would always be on the move. 

The internet would use new communications protocols that form messages into autonomous “bundles” of information. These bundles would allow human or robotic users all over the solar system to exchange information

Data travels at the speed of light in space, which is about 186,000 miles per second. This is because data is sent along the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation, and they move at the speed of light. 

For spacecraft close to Earth, the time delay for communications is almost negligible. However, farther from Earth, latency can become a challenge. For example, it takes about 2.4 to 2.7 seconds for radio waves to travel to the Moon and back, with an average of 2.56 seconds

Data is sent from space to Earth using radio waves and antennas: 

• Satellites Use radio waves to send signals to antennas on Earth. The antennas process the information from the signals. 
• Spacecraft Use the Deep Space Network (DSN), a collection of large radio antennas, to send information and pictures back to Earth. The DSN also receives information about where the spacecraft are and how they are doing. 
• Space probes Turn pictures into digital data and send it to Earth using wireless technology. On Earth, very large dish antennas catch the faint signal and amplify it. The amplified signal is then converted back into images. 
• International Space Station Communicates with Earth through radio frequency signals using a system of Tracking and Data Relay Satellites (TDRS) and ground-based antennas called the Space Network. 
• NASA’s Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration (LLCD) Uses a pulsed laser beam to transmit data over the 239,000 miles between the moon and Earth at a record-breaking download rate of 622 megabits per second (Mbps)

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