NASA Artemis mission picks up pace

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NASA’s Artemis program is expected to pick up pace over the next decade. The program’s goals include: 

  • Establishing a human presence on the lunar surface 
  • Landing the first woman and first person of color on the Moon 
  • Exploring the lunar surface 
  • Laying the groundwork for sending astronauts to Mars 
  • Learning how to live and work on another world 

The Artemis program has several planned missions, including: 

  • Artemis 2 crewed launch in 2024 
  • Artemis 3 crewed lunar landing in 2025 
  • Artemis 4 docking with the Lunar Gateway in 2028 
  • Future yearly landings on the Moon 

The Artemis 1 mission launched on November 16, 2022. It traveled 1.4 million miles and splashed down on December 11, 2022

The Artemis program will return humans to the Moon. The first crewed flight, Artemis II, is scheduled to launch in 2024.  The mission will launch four astronauts around the moon on a lunar flyby aboard an Orion spacecraft using a Space Launch System rocket.  The crew will complete a lunar flyby and return to Earth, evaluating the spacecraft’s systems while carrying humans. 

Artemis III is planned to be the second crewed Artemis mission and the first American crewed lunar landing since Apollo 17 in December 1972. The mission is scheduled for December 2025. Artemis III will be humanity’s return to the lunar surface and NASA will make history by sending the first humans to the lunar South Pole region. The mission is also expected to carry a female astronaut and an astronaut of color

The Human Landing System (HLS) is the spacecraft that will transport astronauts to and from the lunar surface as part of the Artemis program. The HLS will be designed by SpaceX and will be a lunar-adapted version of its reusable rocket Starship. Starship will take two astronauts down to the Moon’s South Pole, a region previously unvisited by humans

The HLS program is managed at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. American companies will design and develop the HLS. 

The Artemis 3 mission is planned to be the first crewed lunar landing of the Artemis program and the first crewed flight of the Starship HLS lander. The mission depends on a support mission to place a Starship HLS in place in a near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) of the Moon prior to the launch of SLS/Orion.

No, there were no humans on board Artemis 1. The Orion spacecraft carried three instrumented mannequins inside its pressurized cabin to gather data on accelerations, vibrations, and radiation on the flight to the moon and back. The mission was controlled from the ground with its woolly specialist as a passenger. 

Artemis 1 was an uncrewed test flight that orbited and flew beyond the Moon. The next missions are currently in preparation. Artemis 2 will be a crewed flight beyond the Moon which will take humans the farthest they’ve ever been in space. 

Yes, Artemis 2 will have humans. The four-person crew will fly the Orion module 8889 km beyond the Moon, complete a lunar flyby and return to Earth. The crew includes: 

  • Commander Reid Wiseman 
  • Pilot Victor J. Glover 
  • Payload Specialist Christina Koch 
  • Mission Specialist Jeremy Hansen 

Glover, Koch, and Hansen are to be the first person of color, woman, and non-American to go beyond low Earth orbit respectively. 

Artemis 2 will be the first crewed mission on NASA’s path to establishing a long-term presence at the Moon for science and exploration

The Artemis 2 mission has several goals, including: 

  • Exploration Initiate exploration of the lunar surface, particularly the lunar south pole 
  • Technical preparation Focus on technical preparation for astronauts on subsequent Artemis missions 
  • Testing Test NASA’s foundational human deep space exploration capabilities, the SLS rocket, and Orion spacecraft 
  • Metrics Hit four major metrics of readiness, including mission planning, system performance, crew interfaces, and guidance and navigation systems 

The Artemis 2 mission is unique in that its primary focus is not exploration nor science experiments

Here are the durations of some Artemis missions: 

  • Artemis 1: The mission lasted 25 days, 10 hours, and 53 minutes. The uncrewed craft took five days to reach the Moon’s orbit. 
  • Artemis 2 The mission is scheduled to last eight to ten days. It will send three NASA astronauts and one Canadian Space Agency astronaut around the moon. 
  • Artemis 3 The mission will see two astronauts land on the Moon’s south polar region for a stay of about one week

Artemis 2 is a crewed flight around the moon, while Artemis 3 is a crewed lunar landing: 

  • Artemis 2: This mission is scheduled for late November 2024. It will send four astronauts in the first crewed Orion MPCV spacecraft into a lunar flyby for a maximum of 21 days. The mission will be the last test flight before the Artemis 3 crewed moon landing mission in 2025. 
  • Artemis 3: This mission is currently planned for December 2025. It will be the first crewed Moon landing mission since Apollo 17 in 1972. NASA aims to land the first female astronaut and first astronaut of color on the lunar surface. The mission will see two astronauts land on the Moon’s south polar region for a stay of about one week. The lander for Artemis 3 will be a version of a Starship rocket built by SpaceX.

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