Scientists from North Carolina State University discovered that a plant-eating dinosaur had “super senses”. The dinosaur, named Thescelosaurus, had well-developed olfactory bulbs in its brain, which were larger than any other dinosaur. Thescelosaurus’s olfactory bulbs were comparable to living alligators, who can smell a drop of blood from kilometers away. 

Thescelosaurus also had outstanding balance and a limited range of hearing ability, particularly when processing high-pitched sounds. Thescelosaurus heard low frequency sounds best and that the range of frequencies it could hear overlaps with T. rex. 

Paleontologists generally think of Thescelosaurus as a “pretty boring” dinosaur. However, the work revealed that while the dinosaur may not have been particularly “brainy,” it appears to have had a unique combination of traits.

Scientists study dinosaurs by analyzing fossils, which include bones, teeth, footprints, tracks, eggs, and skin impressions. They also use computer simulations of their biomechanics, and comparisons with modern animals in similar ecological niches. 

Here are some examples of how scientists use fossils to learn about dinosaur behavior: 

• Fossil footprints Fossil footprints can indicate how dinosaurs behaved. For example, triceratops bones have been found with tyrannosaur tooth marks, indicating that tyrannosaurs hunted ceratopsians. 
• Damage to skeletons Damage to skeletons received from other dinosaurs can indicate how dinosaurs behaved. For example, a fossil of an armored dinosaur with club-like tail shows crushing injuries and damage to its armored spikes that scientists say are consistent with fighting with another club-tailed animal. 
• Teeth The shape of a dinosaur’s teeth can indicate whether it was a carnivore or a herbivore. Powerful jaws and long, sharp teeth indicate a meat-eater, while wide, flat teeth with ridges indicate a plant-eater.

Scientists use dinosaur footprints to learn how dinosaurs walked. Footprints can reveal how many legs a dinosaur used to walk, its size, and its stride length. Stride length can be used to calculate how fast the dinosaur was moving. 

Scientists also use fossil bones to determine how dinosaurs walked. They fit the bones together and manipulate them to see what poses the joints can assume without the bones bumping into each other or coming apart. 

Fossil skeletons and footprints reveal that dinosaurs used an “erect posture” and restricted most limb movements to a plane parallel to the body (parasagittal gait).

Dinosaur footprints can reveal how many legs a dinosaur used to walk. Iconic dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus rex, Velociraptor, Coelophysis, and Carnotaurus were all bipeds

Bipedalism is a trait that is widespread among dinosaurs. It has been argued that bipedalism arose in the ancestors of dinosaurs for the function of freeing the forelimbs to serve as predatory weapons. 

The hands-freeing theory argues that bipedalism evolved in the context of a switch from an arboreal to a more terrestrial lifestyle. By evolving full locomotive reliance on only the hind limbs, the forelimbs were freed to serve other tasks, such as carrying resources and wielding weapons

Dinosaurs evolved from small dinosauromorph ancestors in the Triassic period, which began around 252 million years ago. The Triassic period was characterized by a harsh and dry climate, and massive volcanic eruptions in Siberia led to runaway global warming, which killed up to 95 per cent of all species. 

The traditional theory is that dinosaurs suddenly replaced other land animals because of special traits that gave them an evolutionary advantage, such as being warm-blooded, nimble, and able to occupy varied habitats. The beginning of the age of dinosaurs, about 215 million years ago, corresponded with an increase in atmospheric oxygen from 15 percent to 19 percent. 

Dinosaurs are a group of reptiles that have lived on Earth for about 245 million years. Dinosaur fossils have been found on all seven continents.

Thescelosaurus had very well-developed olfactory bulbs in their brains, larger than any other dinosaur so far. The researchers found them to be comparable to living alligators, who can smell a drop of blood from kilometres away — no short of a super sense for such erstwhile “bland” animals

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