Compact galaxies sometimes hide their black holes

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Yes, sometimes compact galaxies can hide their black holes: 

  • Dense clouds of gas and dust The formation of new stars can stir up clouds of gas and dust that surround the quasar and block its light. In about 10-30% of very fast star-forming quasars, the host galaxy hides the quasar from view. 
  • Walls of dust Star-birthing galaxies can hide supermassive black holes behind walls of dust. 

A black hole’s mass is proportional to the mass of the host galaxy. For example, a galaxy twice as massive as another would have a black hole that is also twice as massive. 

Quasars are a subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). They are extremely luminous galactic cores where gas and dust falling into a supermassive black hole emit electromagnetic radiation across the entire electromagnetic spectrum

Quasars, short for quasi-stellar objects, are one of the most powerful and luminous classes of objects in our Universe. A subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), quasars are extremely bright galactic cores that temporarily outshine all the stars in their disks.

Compact galaxies are a category of galaxies defined by Zwicky. Some examples of compact galaxies include: 

  • Blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCD galaxies) Small galaxies that contain large clusters of young, hot, massive stars. These stars cause the galaxy to appear blue in color. 
  • Compact groups of galaxies Contain a high fraction of galaxies with morphological or kinematical peculiarities, nuclear radio and infrared emission, and starburst or active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity. 
  • Ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) Among the densest stellar groupings in the universe. They are more compact than other galaxies with similar mass, but larger than star clusters. 
  • Globular clusters Dense collections of stars that populate the Milky Way and other galaxies. 

Other types of compact galaxies include: 

  • Irregular blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies: About a tenth of the size of a typical spiral galaxy such as the Milky Way. 
  • Ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs): Can have a mass of more than 10 million times that of the Sun

Ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) are a class of very compact galaxies with very high stellar densities. They are thought to be on the order of 200 light years across, containing about 100 million stars. 

UCDs are larger, brighter and more massive than the biggest Milky Way globular clusters (GCs), but at the same time significantly more compact than typical dwarf galaxies of comparable luminosity. They have masses of up to 2 × 108 solar masses, but half-light radii of just 3–50 parsecs. 

UCDs are characterized by old stellar populations. Spectra taken of the UCDs show they resemble the cores of galaxies. 

UCDs were discovered in the 2000s. There is no unique definition of what a UCD is, but it is generally taken to mean a stellar system with a radius between a few and 100 pc, and a dynamical mass of.

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