Twisted magnets, also known as chiral magnets, can make brain-inspired computing more adaptable. Researchers have found that by applying an external magnetic field and changing temperature, the physical properties of these materials can be adapted to suit different machine-learning tasks.
For example, in the skyrmion phase, where particles swirl like a vortex, the magnets have a strong memory capacity, which is great for tasks like predicting future events. The conical phase has little memory, but its nonlinearity was ideal for transformation tasks and classification, such as identifying if an animal is a cat or dog.
This approach, known as physical reservoir computing, has until now been limited due to its lack of reconfigurability. This is because a material’s physical properties may allow it to excel at a certain subset of computing tasks but not others.
In the new study, published in the journal Nature Materials, an international team of researchers used chiral (twisted) magnets as their computational medium and found that, by applying an external magnetic field and changing temperature, the physical properties of these materials could be adapted to suit different
Brain computing can refer to:
- Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) A computer-based system that translates brain signals into commands for an output device. BCIs can be used to control external devices like computers or robotic limbs. BCIs can help people with paralysis regain control of their limbs.
- Brain-inspired computing Computing systems inspired by the brain’s energy efficiency. Brain experiments suggest that adaptation mechanisms in the brain outperform common AI learning algorithms.
Other brain computing topics include:
- Brain-like computing: Research on the significance of brain-like computing
- Brain, computation, and data science: Electrical signals recorded from the brain often show fluctuations between 30-80 Hz, which is called the gamma rhythm
Twisted magnets can have different properties than regular magnets:
- Twist-Latch magnets: These magnets repel until they rotate through a zero-force transition point, where they attract and attach. They have an alignment pattern that repels or releases the magnets when one magnet is rotated into a specific orientation.
- Twisted stacks: Quantum physicists have used twisted stacks to discover quantum phenomena.
- Twisted bilayers: Researchers have shown that it is possible to have tunable moiré magnetism in twisted double bilayers of an antiferromagnet.
- Twisted trilayer magnets: These magnets have four different local stacking structures.
- Chiral magnets: These magnets can be inspired by the human brain to improve reservoir computing.
- Twisted magnets in brain-inspired computing: These magnets can make brain-inspired computing more adaptable.
Twisting can also generate moiré magnetic exchange interactions (MMEIs) in van der Waals magnets.
Tailoring performance with chiral magnets
The study involved researchers from Japan and Germany and used a vector network analyzer to measure the energy absorbed by chiral magnets at various magnetic field strengths and temperatures ranging from -452 °F (-269 °C) to room temperature.
Interestingly, the team found that different magnetic phases of chiral magnets excelled at various computing tasks.
The skyrmion phase, characterized by swirling magnetized particles in a vortex-like pattern, demonstrated a potent memorycapacity suitable for forecasting tasks.
In contrast, the conical phase, with little memory but ideal nonlinearity, proved excellent for transformation tasks and classification, such as identifying animals.
The study was the result of a collaborative effort between researchers from UCL, Imperial College London, the University of Tokyo, and Technische Universität München and was supported by various institutions, including the Leverhulme Trust, EPSRC, Royal Academy of Engineering, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Katsu Research Encouragement Award, Asahi Glass Foundation, and the German Research Foundation (DFG) source google
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