Dr. Bruce Greyson is a leading expert on near-death experiences (NDEs). His research has shown that NDEs can have long-lasting effects on a person’s beliefs, values, attitudes, and personality. He has also shown that NDEs cannot be dismissed as hallucinations or dream states.
Greyson has documented first-person accounts of NDEs and explored how they can change our understanding of consciousness, life, and death. He has also developed a standardized tool for identifying NDE experiencers.
Greyson’s research includes:
- Fifty Years of Research – NDEs
- Near-death experience and quality of life: additional research
Greyson has also developed the NDE scale, a 16-item self-report questionnaire that is the most commonly used tool for identifying NDE experiencers
Some say that near-death experiences can teach us to:
- Be grateful
- Accept that some things are out of our control
- Trust our instincts
- Take calculated risks
- Do what we love
- Stop judging others
- Spend time with the people who matter
- Be grateful for the small blessings in life
Other lessons include:
- Don’t take life for granted
- Love and serve others
- Each human life has a purpose
- There is an afterlife
- Social position and wealth are not important
- Don’t take your own life
- Gain knowledge
- Your time is limited
- Your health is fragile
- You’re stronger than you think
Some common features of near-death experiences include:
- Ineffability
- Overwhelming feelings of peace
- Seeing a tunnel
- A sensation of being out of the body
- Meeting nonphysical beings
- Reviewing one’s life
- A border or point of no return
- Coming back to life
According to Wikipedia, neuroscience research suggests that NDEs are a subjective experience caused by “disturbed bodily multisensory integration” during life-threatening events.
Some scientific literature suggests that NDEs are caused by physical changes in a stressed or dying brain. These causes include:
- Oxygen shortage
- Imperfect anesthesia
- The body’s neurochemical responses to trauma
- REM intrusion
Other studies have shown that the temporo-parietal cortex is involved in the generation of out-of-body experiences
According to Wikipedia, four common traits of near-death experiences are:
- A sense of being dead
- A sense of peace, well-being, and painlessness
- An out-of-body experience
- A “tunnel experience” or entering a darkness
Other common traits include:
- Experiencing a different, unearthly world
- Encountering a mystical being or presence
- Seeing deceased persons or religious spirits
- Seeing a bright light
- Altered time perception
- The mind functioning more clearly and more rapidly than usual
A systematic review study categorized near-death experiences into four main categories:
- Emotional
- Cognitive
- Religious
- Spiritual and supernatural
The Near-Death Experience Content (NDE-C) scale is a 16-item self-report questionnaire. The scale has a cut-off score of 7/32 for a near-death experience (NDE). The scale has been found to have:
- Good internal consistency
- Good split-half reliability
- Good test-retest reliability
- High correlation with Ring’s Weighted Core Experience Index
- Ability to differentiate those who claim to have had NDEs from those with questionable claims
The scale is clinically useful in differentiating NDEs from:
- Organic brain syndromes
- Nonspecific stress responses
The scale can also standardize further research into the mechanisms and effects of NDEs
Greyson’s research found that:
- Diagnosis: NDEs can be difficult to diagnose.
- Effects: NDEs can have profound effects on people’s beliefs, attitudes, values, and personalities.
- Features: NDEs can include:
- A change in thought processes
- Feeling comfortable and pain-free
- A sensation of leaving the body
- A sensation of being drawn into a tunnel or darkness
Greyson also found that:
- People who have had an NDE are often no longer afraid of death.
- They may feel more spiritual and connected to others, the natural world, and the divine.
- They may report thinking faster and clearer than ever, no sense of time, a sudden sense of complete understanding, and a review of their entire lives.
Bruce Greyson has documented the profound and long-lasting effects of near-death experiences on individuals’ attitudes, beliefs, values, and personalities, and his research has shown why these experiences cannot be dismissed as dream states or hallucinations.
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