The Solar System doesn’t have any official double planets. However, the Earth–Moon system is sometimes considered to be one. The European Space Agency referred to the Earth–Moon system as a double planet in promotional materials for the SMART-1 mission
Pluto and Charon are the only known example of a true double planet. Charon is about half the size of Pluto, making it the largest known satellite relative to its planet in the solar system. The rotation period of the Pluto-Charon system is only 6 days.
A binary planet system is a system where the two planets in the binary have similar mass. The formation process for such a system is rather difficult to construct, making such binary planet systems rare.
Binary planets are not present in our Solar System, at least nominally, given the similarities with the Pluto-Charon system which, however, is a dwarf planetary analog,” Dr. Cecilia Lazzoni, who is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of Exeter and lead author of the study, ( source google)
Yes, two planets can orbit each other. This is called a binary system or double planet. The two planets orbit around a common center of mass that’s not inside either planet.
Binary planets might form when two planets orbiting a star get close enough to interact gravitationally. Scientists have simulated this scenario, and about one-third of the simulations resulted in binary planets.
Binary planets involving Earth-size worlds are currently only science fiction. However, it’s possible that two Earth-size planets that orbit each other might exist around distant stars.
Pluto is the planet in our solar system that is most often called a double planet. Pluto and its moon Charon are considered a double planet because they meet the basic criteria: Spherical shape, Similar mass.
Pluto and Charon’s gravitational pull on each other creates a barycenter that’s outside of both bodies.
Earth and its moon are sometimes called a double planet because they orbit the sun in nearly the same orbit. However, the Earth-Moon system is not currently a double planet because the Moon’s center of mass is inside Earth.
Venus and Earth are sometimes called twins because they are similar in size and formed in the same part of the solar system. Venus is the second planet from the sun and is the hottest planet in the solar system.
Astronomers have detected what may be two planets forming in the same orbit. These co-orbital planets are predicted by theory but don’t exist in the Solar System.
Two planets called Kepler-138 c and d may be completely covered in oceans 500 times deeper than Earth’s. These twin water worlds are 218 light years away.
Double planets are expected to be rarebecause the typical planet to satellite mass ratio is around 1:10,000. As of 2003, there were ten known star systems outside our own with at least two detected planets.
Binary stars, or two stars orbiting each other, are very common throughout our own galaxy. Some of these two-star systems are even known to host exoplanets
There are a few possible ways that double planets form:
- Giant impacts One body impacts another, creating a debris disk. The debris can then form two or one new body.
- Gravitational interactions The mutual gravitational attraction of two planets can cause them to merge or send one of them into the sun or out of the solar system.
- Tidal dissipation This is a type of tidal heating that can produce binary planets.
- Protoplanetary disk Two clumps form close enough to be in each other’s Hill sphere, but not close enough to merge.
The Earth–Moon and Pluto–Charon systems are thought to have formed from giant impacts.
Binary planets, or double planets, are rare. The criteria for distinguishing between a binary planet and a planet-moon system are not well defined.
Binary planets are similar to the Earth-Moon system, but without a clear distinction between the planet and the moon.
Binary planets may exist around distant stars. Research suggests that 50% to 60% of binary star systems could form planets with conditions suitable for life. However, planets in binary systems would form differently than planets around single stars.
The binary planet hypothesis is that Earth and the Moon formed at the same time by smaller objects joining together. However, this theory doesn’t explain why the Moon’s iron core is so small compared to Earth’s core.
Another theory is that the Sun used to have a companion star, making our solar system a binary one in the past.
Binary planets are considered stable if they orbit within a critical separation of the semimajor axis. However, the orbits of binary systems can be altered by dynamical encounters. For example, if a binary system is located in a dense star-forming region, it could become unstable.
Binary stellar systems are also considered stable, although their orbits decay slowly due to gravitational radiation and tidal interactions.
Planets that orbit just one star in a binary system have “S-type” orbits. Planets that orbit both stars have “P-type” or “circumbinary” orbits
According to Wikipedia, 50–60% of binary stars could support habitable planets. However, astronomers don’t know how being in a binary star system affects potential habitability
Binary systems have a habitable zone where liquid water could exist on a planet’s surface. However, life might find it difficult to gain a foothold. For example, Kepler-47c orbits two stars at once, which can make life very elliptical.
A planet could maintain habitable conditions if it had an abundance of air and water. Even if it spent more of its time outside of the nominal habitable zone, it could still be habitable.( full article source google)
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