Astronomers calculate which exoplanets is more likely to have water

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Some of the 28 planets have so much water that they may be ocean planets. In those cases, water vapour may provide enough atmospheric pressure to preserve surface oceans. “Our results suggest that Kepler-62 f, Kepler-452 b and Kepler-442 b could be members of the ocean-world class

Some exoplanets that may have water include: 

  • Kepler-138c and Kepler-138d These planets are twice Earth’s mass but have half of Earth’s density. They are likely made up of mostly water. 
  • Kepler-62e and Kepler-62f These planets are the right distance from their star to have liquid water. Kepler-62f is 40% larger than Earth. 
  • Kepler-62 f, Kepler-452 b, and Kepler-442 b These planets may be ocean planets. 
  • Uranus and Neptune These planets may have a supercritical water ocean that makes up about two-thirds of their mass. 

Habitable planets are more likely to have a rocky composition and temperatures that can maintain liquid water on their surfaces.

Proxima Centauri b

Depending on the composition, Proxima Centauri b could range from being a Mercury-like planet with a large core—which would require particular conditions early in the planet’s history—to a very water-rich planet

The closest known exoplanet to Earth is Proxima Centauri b, which is 4.25 light-years away. It’s in the habitable zone of its star and may contain liquid water. Proxima b is Earth-like in mass and may be rocky. However, it orbits a star that’s much less massive and dimmer than our sun

Other nearby exoplanets include: 

  • TOI-1452 b: A super-Earth exoplanet with potential deep oceans 
  • K2-18b: A planet with abundant liquid water and a hydrogen envelope 
  • Kepler-186f: An Earth-size planet in the potentially habitable zone around another star

More recently, the exoplanets TOI-1452 b, Kepler-138c, and Kepler-138dhave been found to have densities consistent with large fractions of their mass being composed of water. Additionally, models of the massive rocky planet LHS 1140 b suggest its surface may be covered in a deep ocean

Furthermore, extremely high H2O-content of the exoplanets Kepler-62 f, Kepler-1652 b, Kepler-452 b, and Kepler-442 b suggests that these planets may maintain a water vapour atmosphere and may in fact be examples of larger ocean worlds.

Kepler-62 f, Kepler-452 b, and Kepler-442 b are exoplanets that may be members of the ocean-world class. They have high water content, which may mean they have water vapor atmospheres. The water vapor could provide enough atmospheric pressure to keep surface oceans

Here’s some information about these exoplanets: 

  • Kepler-62 f: This planet is 40% larger than Earth and is 1,200 light years away. It’s the farthest known planet in its system. 
  • Kepler-452 b: This planet is similar to our sun, but it’s too faint to see from Earth without a telescope. It’s about 1,800 light years away. 
  • Kepler-442 b: This planet is more habitable than Earth

Scientists don’t know if Kepler-452b has oceans and continents. However, some say that Kepler-452b may have once had oceans, but they have dried up. Others assume that Kepler-452b is an aquaplanet with a uniform ocean depth of 4 km. 

Kepler-452b is 50% larger than Earth and has an estimated mass of 5 times Earth’s mass. It orbits a G2-type star that is 6 billion years old, which is 1.5 billion years older than our sun. The increased energy output of its sun may be causing Kepler-452b to heat up and lose its oceans. 

Kepler-452b was discovered in 2015 by the Kepler satellite. It has liquid water on its surface and could possibly support life. (Full article source google)

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