Unlocking Cosmic Mysteries: Scientists Develop Innovative New Method To Probe Dark Matter. Dark matter is fundamental to our understanding of the Universe, yet its exact nature remains a mystery. Uncovering the identity of dark matter is a crucial objective in cosmology and particle physics

Scientists have developed a new method to probe dark matter. This method provides new insights into dark matter, and goes beyond the reach of current detectors. 

Dark matter is a fundamental part of understanding the universe. However, its exact nature is still a mystery. Uncovering the identity of dark matter is a key goal in cosmology and particle physics. 

Here are some other methods used to probe dark matter: 

• JEDI Collaboration: This method uses the quantum mechanical property of spin to search for dark matter, axions, and axion-like particles. 
• PandaX-4T: This method uses xenon detectors to explore dark matter and study neutrinos. 
• Large Hadron Collider: This method uses particle collisions to look for hints of dark matter.

Dark matter detectors are large, sensitive detectors that are placed deep underground. They are used to directly search for dark matter particles that may pass through Earth. 

Some materials used for dark matter detection include: Semiconductors, Superconductors, Liquid xenon, Polar detectors. 

Dark matter detectors can also measure solar neutrinos. 

Some ways to indirectly detect dark matter include: 

• Cosmic rays 
• Gamma rays 
• Gravitational influences on stars and galaxies 

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) detector is the world’s biggest dark matter detector. It is designed to search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). 

Although dark matter has never been directly detected, its existence is known through its effects on the universe. For example, dark matter’s gravity can bend and distort light from distant objects, which is called gravitational lensing. Dark matter also affects the orbital velocities of stars

The earliest detection of dark matter was around 12 billion years ago. Scientists used a fossil relic left over from the Big Bang to detect dark matter around galaxies that existed at that time. 

The Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX) is one of the only experiments to detect axions as dark matter. ADMX uses a resonant microwave cavity in a strong magnetic field to convert dark matter into microwave photons

Here are some predictions about dark matter: 

• Dark matter collisions Many models predict that when two dark matter particles collide, they can self-annihilate. This releases energy in the form of detectable particles like neutrinos, electrons, or photons. 
• Dark matter lifetime Dark matter could have a lifetime of a few hundred billion years or more. It could decay into antimatter, radiation, or normal matter. 
• Dark matter composition Lighter dark matter could cause the universe to expand too quickly for light elements to form. 
• Cold dark matter Cold dark matter simulations predict a large number of small dark matter halos. 
• Dark matter density Astrophysicists believe that the amount of dark matter in the universe is neither increasing nor decreasing. However, its density is decreasing as the universe expands. 

One hypothesis is that dark matter is made up of exotic particles that don’t interact with light or normal matter, but still have a gravitational pull. 

According to particle physics theory, dark matter is an undiscovered elementary particle. Dark matter is different from baryonic matter, which is ordinary matter made up of protons and neutrons. Dark matter is also different from normal matter because it doesn’t interact with the electromagnetic force. This means it doesn’t absorb, reflect, or emit light.

Some candidates for dark matter particles include: 

• Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs): These particles are thought to have 10–100 times the mass of a proton. 
• Axions: These particles have a mass that’s one ten-trillionth of an electron. 

Dark matter is prevalent throughout the universe and makes up most of the mass of galaxies and galaxy clusters. It’s responsible for the way galaxies are organized on large scales.

Dark matter has many effects on galaxies, including: 

• Galaxies are held together: Dark matter’s gravitational pull keeps stars and gas within galaxies. 
• Galaxies are organized: Dark matter is thought to be the scaffolding of the universe, with galaxies and stars collecting inside it. 
• Galaxies rotate: Dark matter’s envelope allows galaxies to rotate rapidly. 
• Galaxies are pulled together: Dark matter pulls galaxies together, while dark energy pushes them apart. 
• Galaxies are distorted: The gravity of dark matter and normal matter in galaxy clusters warps space, distorting light from objects behind the cluster. This is called gravitational lensing. 

Dark matter also affects how many galaxies are visible in a given direction. Most galaxies flow together along long, filamentary structures, leaving most of space empty.

Dark matter’s main effect is to slow the expansion of the universe. Dark matter makes up about 27% of the universe’s mass and matter. It has a gravitational effect on all objects with mass, which creates an attraction that works against the universe’s expansion.

Dark matter also: 

• Contributes to galaxy formation 
• Keeps galaxies from flying apart 
• Keeps stars from swirling out into space 
• Keeps our solar system in the sun’s orbit 
• Keeps the sun in the Milky Way’s orbit 

Dark matter’s effects are still largely unknown. The amount of dark matter in the universe will determine if it is open, closed, or flat(full article source google)

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