A study published in the journal Science Advances found hundreds of mutations that could increase fertility in young people, but were also linked to bodily damage later in life. The study supports Williams’s theory. 

Genetic mutations that promote reproduction tend to shorten lifespan. This is because genes that shorten our lives are selected for in evolution if they help us early in life and through our child-bearing years. This is an example of antagonistic pleiotropy. 

Other research has found that: 

• Variations in the gene ARHGAP27: Are associated with having more children, but also with a shorter lifetime window of fertility 
• Longer time to pregnancy: Is linked to more hospitalizations for both men and women and to shorter lifespan for women 
• Women who have later menopause: Tend to live longer and have an enhanced ability to repair their DNA

Dr. Zhang and Dr. Long also found that volunteers with a large number of reproduction-promoting variants had slightly lower odds of surviving to age 76. Taken together, all of these results suggest that George Williams was correct, and that aging is essentially a side effect of natural selection’s impact on fertility.

Genetic mutations that improve survival and reproduction are passed on through reproduction. This process is known as natural selection. 

In natural selection, organisms with heritable traits that help them survive and reproduce leave more offspring than their peers. This results in a new generation of organisms that are more likely to survive to reproduce. Over time, these advantageous traits become more common in the population.

Genes are sections of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins. These proteins control how our bodies grow and work.  Genes also determine our characteristics, such as: Eye color, Hair color, Height, Blood type. 

Genes are the basic unit of heredity, meaning they determine what traits are passed down from parents to their children. Genes are arranged in structures called chromosomes. 

The process of genes turning into proteins has two major steps: 

1. Transcription: DNA transcribes messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the nucleus. 
2. Translation: mRNA is transferred to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where transfer RNA (tRNA) reads the mRNA code and transfers amino acids. These amino acids combine to form a polypeptide chain, which folds into a protein.(full article source google)

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