The Particle Physics Projects Prioritization Panel has released a report detailing its recommendations for what research should be funded over the next five to ten years. The recommendations cover research that will look into phenomenon such as muons, neutrinos, dark matter, and the Higgs boson

The 2023 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report recommends research funding for the next five to ten years. The report covers research into: 

Muons, Neutrinos, Dark matter, The Higgs boson, Gravity, Black holes, Dark energy. 

The P5 is a subpanel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP). The P5 reports to HEPAP, which advises the DOE and NSF. The P5’s recommendations are intended to help understand current particle physics concerns, including challenges to the Standard Model. 

The P5’s strategic planning includes: 

• Maintaining and developing scientific and technical expertise and infrastructure 
• Spending around 20–25% of the total budget on projects 
• Spending over 40% of the research fraction on project data analysis and blue-sky research

Here are some particle physics experiments: 

• ATLAS One of four major experiments at the LHC accelerator at CERN. It explores new physical phenomena to help understand the universe. 
• CMS A collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with over 3,000 physicists. 
• Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) The biggest neutrino project ever constructed. It will study questions such as neutrino mass hierarchy and CP violation. 
• Fermilab The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, United States. Its main facility until 2011 was the Tevatron, the highest-energy particle collider on earth at the time. 

Other particle physics experiments include: 

• ArgoNeuT 
• LArIAT 
• Daya Bay 
• IceCube 
• The La Silla-QUEST Variability Survey 

Particle experiments are particle detector installations made at particle accelerator laboratories. Experimental particle physics is the practical investigation of the fundamental components of matter and radiation.

Here are some theories in particle physics: 

• Standard model The standard model of particle physics states that the fundamental constituents of matter are quarks, leptons, gauge bosons, and the graviton. These interact via strong, electroweak, and gravitational interactions. The standard model also explains three of the four fundamental forces that govern the universe: electromagnetism, the strong force, and the weak force. 
• Quark theory The quark hypothesis states that quarks are the simplest building blocks of hadrons. Quarks can combine in pairs or triplets to form hadrons. The three quarks were named in 1963: up (u), down (d), and strange (s). 
• String theory String theory replaces all matter and force particles with tiny vibrating strings. These strings twist and turn in complicated ways that appear as particles. 
• Quantum field theory Quantum field theory (QFT) combines classical field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. QFT is used to construct physical models of subatomic particles. 
• Supersymmetry Supersymmetry is a hypothetical extension of space-time that introduces additional “quantum” dimensions. 
• Quantum mechanics Quantum mechanics explains how extremely small objects can have the characteristics of both particles and waves. Physicists call this the “wave-particle duality”

Here are some types of particles in particle physics: 

• Quarks Elementary particles that form hadrons like protons and neutrons. Quarks can also form more exotic particles and states of matter. 
• Gluons Mediate the strong nuclear force, which binds quarks together to form protons and neutrons. 
• Photons The particle of light, photons carry all electromagnetic energy. 
• Leptons Elementary particles that can’t be broken down into smaller particles. The electron is a lepton. 
• Higgs boson Discovered in 2012, the Higgs boson explains how the W and Z bosons get their mass. 
• Muons 200 times more massive than the electron, muons are very penetrating and have a long lifetime. 

Some other types of particles include: 

Up quarks, Down quarks, Strange quarks, Charm quarks, Top quarks, Bottom quarks, Electron neutrinos, Muon neutrinos, Tau, Tau neutrinos. 

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