In July 2019, astronomers tested an exoplanet instrument on Jupiter by pointing the VLT at the planet’s equatorial zone and north and south equatorial. The equatorial zone is where light clouds are located at a higher altitude, and the north and south equatorial is where descending air forms bands of dark, warmer clouds in a deeper layer. 

Exoplanets are difficult to see directly with telescopes because they are hidden by the bright glare of the stars they orbit. Astronomers use other ways to detect and study these distant planets, such as looking at the effects these planets have on the stars they orbit. 

Some instruments used to detect exoplanets include: 

• LBTI The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer, which has a similar capacity to the James Webb Space Telescope for detecting infrared light. 
• GPI An international collaborative effort that has an eagle eye designed to detect and to image exoplanets. 
• MIRI The James Webb Telescope’s MIRI instrument, which discovered clouds of sand, water, and sulfur dioxide on a Jupiter-sized exoplanet.

The test was conducted in July 2019, and for five hours, the team pointed the VLT at the equatorial zone of Jupiter, where light clouds are located at a higher altitude, and at the planet’s north and south equatorial, which correspond to descending air and which it forms bands of dark, warmer clouds in a deeper layer …

In July 2019, astronomers used the Very Large Telescope (VLT) to test an exoplanet instrument on Jupiter. The test lasted five hours, and the astronomers focused on the planet’s equatorial zone and north and south equatorial belts. 

The equatorial zone is where Jupiter’s light clouds are located at a higher altitude. The north and south equatorial belts are where the clouds are darker and warmer, and located in a deeper layer of the atmosphere. 

The astronomers used the ESPRESSO spectrograph, mounted on the VLT telescope, to measure wind speeds on Jupiter. This method, known as Doppler velocimetry, analyzes the reflection of sunlight by clouds in a planet’s atmosphere

In July 2019, astronomers tested an exoplanet instrument on Jupiter by pointing the VLT at the planet’s equatorial zone for five hours. The equatorial zone is where light clouds are located at a higher altitude. 

The team used a method called Doppler velocimetry, which is based on the reflection of visible light from the sun by clouds. The test also included the planet’s north and south equatorial, which correspond to descending air and form bands of dark, warmer clouds in a deeper layer. 

Jupiter’s equatorial zone includes the Equatorial band (EB), North Equatorial belt zone (NEBZ), and South Equatorial belt zone (SEBZ).

Doppler velocimetry is a method that measures the velocity of fluid flows. It’s also known as Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA).

Doppler velocimetry works by sending light from a laser onto the skin’s surface. The light scatters off of red blood cells, which produces a Doppler frequency shift. The Doppler shift of light is directly proportional to the blood velocity. 

Doppler velocimetry can be used to examine the direction and characteristics of blood flow. It can also be used to examine maternal, uteroplacental, or fetal circulations. 

Doppler velocimetry was invented in the 1960s.

Doppler velocimetry is also a research method that uses the reflection of visible light from the Sun by clouds in the atmosphere of a target planet. According to the Doppler effect, if an object is moving, the lines in its spectrum should shift to the side

Astronomers use a technique called transit spectroscopy to detect cloudy exoplanet atmospheres

Transit spectroscopy involves measuring how opaque a planet’s atmosphere is at different wavelengths of light. This can provide clues about the atmosphere’s composition. 

Here’s how transit spectroscopy works: 

1. An exoplanet passes in front of its star. This is called a transit. 
2. Light from the star passes through the planet’s upper atmosphere. 
3. The light reaches telescopes on the ground or in space. 
4. Astronomers study the light’s spectra to look for signs of oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane, and other signs of life. 
5. Astronomers also measure how opaque the atmosphere is at different wavelengths of light.

Researchers from the Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences (IA) at the University of Lisbon used the ESPRESSO spectrograph to measure wind speeds on Jupiter. The ESPRESSO spectrograph is mounted on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in northern Chile

The researchers used a method called Doppler velocimetry to measure the wind speeds. This method analyzes how clouds in a planet’s atmosphere reflect sunlight. The researchers measured winds on Jupiter ranging from 60 to 428 km/h, with an uncertainty of less than 36 km/h. 

The researchers observed Jupiter with ESPRESSO between July 21 and 22, 2019.

With ESPRESSO, the team was able to measure winds on Jupiter from 60 to 428 km/h with an uncertainty of less than 36 km/h

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