On September 6, 2023, Japan’s new X-ray space telescope began its mission in low-Earth orbit. The X-ray space telescope is called XRISM, which stands for X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission. It is a joint NASA/JAXA mission led by JAXA.
XRISM will provide the international science community with a new look at the hidden X-ray sky. One of XRISM’s first images was of the supernova remnant N132, which is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, about 160,000 light-years away.
X-ray telescopes must be placed in orbit outside the atmosphere or carried to high altitudes by rockets or balloons because of atmospheric absorption
The X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) was launched on September 6, 2023, and began its mission in low-Earth orbit. The mission is a joint NASA/JAXA effort, led by JAXA.
XRISM is designed to detect X-rays with energies up to 12,000 electron volts. It will study the universe’s largest structures, hottest regions, and objects with the strongest gravity.
The Earth’s atmosphere blocks all X-rays from space, so space telescopes must be used to observe in these wavelengths. X-rays have such high energy that the typical reflecting telescope design used for radio, infrared, and optical telescopes cannot be used.
X-ray telescopes can concentrate the light from an X-ray star onto an electronic eye. An imaging detector can view several X-ray emitting objects simultaneously, or can create pictures of regions of diffuse X-ray emission.
The X-ray space telescope began its mission in low-Earth orbit on September 6th, 2023. Science operations won’t begin until later this year, but the satellite’s science team has released some of the telescope’s first images. XRISM is a stop-gap telescope
The X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) is a joint NASA/JAXA mission to study the formation of the universe. The mission will investigate how the largest structures in the universe formed, what happens to matter under extreme gravitational force, and how high-energy particle jets work.
The mission will also study the velocity and chemical composition of high-temperature plasma. The data collected will be used to reveal how stars, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies formed.
The mission team has already revealed an image of hundreds of galaxies and a spectrum of stellar wreckage in a nearby galaxy. The spectrum can tell scientists what the galaxies are made of
NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory is considered the world’s most powerful X-ray telescope. It was launched in 1999 and is named after the late Indian-American Nobel laureate Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Chandra is one of NASA’s “Great Observatories”, along with the Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, and Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. It’s designed to detect X-ray emissions from hot regions of the universe, such as exploded stars, clusters of galaxies, and matter around black holes.
Chandra has eight times greater resolution and can detect sources more than 20 times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope. It contains four sets of nested mirrors and is considered the premier X-ray observatory to date.
Yes, the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) is a joint NASA/JAXA mission to study the formation of the universe.
XRISM is a space telescope mission that will study the X-ray sky and provide data on hot regions, large structures, and objects with strong gravity in the universe. It will also study outflows from galaxy nuclei and dark matter.
XRISM is designed to detect X-rays with energies up to 12,000 electron volts. For comparison, the energy of visible light is 2 to 3 electron volts.
XRISM launched on September 6, 2023
XRISM has two instruments:
- Resolve A soft X-ray spectrometer that combines a lightweight Soft X-ray Telescope and an X-ray Calorimeter Spectrometer. Resolve has a field of view of about 3 arcmin and provides energy resolution of 5-7 eV in the 0.3-12 keV bandpass.
- Xtend An X-ray CCD instrument that’s a soft X-ray imager. Xtend is an array of four CCD detectors that extend the observatory’s field to 38 arcmin on a side over the energy range 0.4-13 keV.
XRISM also has two identical mirrors, called X-ray Mirror Assemblies (XMAs), which consist of 203 mirror foils. X-rays are not measurable with classical telescope mirrors since they pass through them.
XRISM will be able to identify what chemical elements are present in the object it’s looking at, as well as their abundances. It will also be able to read the velocities of gas motions
XRISM’s Resolve instrument has a spectral resolution of 5 electron volts (eV), which is better than the 7 eV requirement. This means that the chemical maps produced by XRISM will be more detailed.
XRISM’s energy resolution is the ability to distinguish X-rays of different energies. It has an effective area of about 300 cm2 at 6 keV.
XRISM’s X-ray Mirror Assemblies (XMAs) have a Half Power Diameter (HPD) Point Spread Function of 1.7 arcmin.
The X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) aims to investigate celestial X-ray objects in the universe. The mission will study the universe’s X-ray emissions with unprecedented precision to broaden and deepen our understanding of how humanity fits into the universe.
XRISM will investigate big cosmic questions like:
- How the largest structures in the universe came to be
- What happens to matter under extreme gravitational force
- How high-energy particle jets work
XRISM will also study the enrichment of the universe with elements and map the chemical evolution of the universe. The spacecraft will do this by determining the number of heavy elements present in the gas between galaxies in clusters.
XRISM is the successor to the 2016 Hitomi mission that ended prematurely. The mission is intended to recover most of the science capability of Hitomi in the 0.3–12 keV energy range, lost during an early mission mishap.
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