The Dark Energy Survey (DES) has discovered 1,499 Type 1A supernovae, the largest number ever found with a single telescope. The DES is an astronomical survey that uses images to measure the expansion of the universe. Type 1A supernovae are reliable markers for determining astronomical distances.

Type 1A supernovae are a type of supernova that occur in binary systems with one white dwarf star and another star. White dwarfs with a low rate of rotation are limited to below 1.44 solar masses. When they exceed this “critical mass”, they reignite and can trigger a supernova explosion. 

Astronomers can use Type 1A supernovae to measure the distance to the supernova and the galaxy it is in. They observe the supernova and measure its apparent magnitude, knowing what its absolute magnitude is. They can then use the distance modulus to calculate the distance. 

The DES collaboration analyzed the supernovae using machine learning and found that the universe’s dark energy density may vary with time

To perform the survey, the DECam mapped almost one-eighth of the entire sky, taking 758 nights over six years to do it. The observations captured about two million distant galaxies and several thousand supernovae. After filtering through all of the results, the team had over 1500 Type 1a supernovae

The Dark Energy Survey (DES) used the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) to map almost one-eighth of the sky over six years, from 2013–2019. The survey took 758 nights of observations, spread out over six annual sessions between August and February

The DECam has 62 science CCDs and 12 CCDs for guiding and focus, with 570 megapixels. It images a 3-square-degree field (2.2 degrees wide) at a resolution of 0.263 arcsecond per pixel. 

The DES collaboration’s observations included 1500 new Type 1A supernova

The Dark Energy Camera (DECam) has a 2.2-degree diameter field of view. This field of view is so large that a single image can record data from an area of the sky 20 times the size of the moon

The DECam is mounted at the prime focus of the Victor M. Blanco 4-meter telescope on Cerro Tololo near La Serena, Chile. It uses a new optical corrector with five lenses made from fused-silica, and an 8-filter housing

The Dark Energy Camera (DECam) has a spatial resolution of 0.2637 arcsec/pixel at the center and 0.2626 arcsec/pixel at the edge

The DECam has 74 detectors, including 62 science detectors, 8 focus and alignment detectors, and 4 guide detectors. The primary imaging area is a mosaic of 62 CCDs, each 2048 x 4096 pixels, for a total of 520 megapixels. The 12 additional CCDs at the edges of the focal plane are 2048 pixels square and are used for focus calibration and guide-star tracking. 

The DECam’s 74 CCDs are specifically designed to be sensitive to the redshifted light from distant galaxies and stars

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a scientific instrument that measures the effect of dark energy on the expansion of the universe. It’s designed to measure the impact of dark energy through galaxy redshift-space distortions and baryon acoustic oscillations

DESI constructs a 3D map of the nearby universe out to 11 billion light-years by obtaining optical spectra for tens of millions of galaxies and quasars. 

The Dark Energy Survey (DES) is designed to probe the origin of the accelerating universe and help uncover the nature of dark energy. It observes a 27 square degree area, spread over several fields, with a weekly cadence. DES measures the total matter content and structure of the universe via the weak gravitational lensing of distant galaxies

The Dark Energy Survey (DES) was created to study the acceleration of the universe and to help explain the nature of dark energy. 

In the late 1990s, astronomers discovered that the expansion of the universe was speeding up, rather than slowing down as expected. This discovery led to the introduction of the concept of dark energy, a mysterious force that is accelerating the expansion of the universe. 

The DES is a global collaboration of more than 400 scientists from 26 institutions. The survey’s goals include: 

• Understanding the role of dark matter and dark energy in the expansion of the universe 
• Understanding the overall structure and evolution of the universe 
• Mapping hundreds of millions of galaxies 
• Detecting thousands of supernovae 
• Finding patterns of cosmic structure 

The DES also measured how the cosmic web of galaxies has evolved over the history of the universe.

The Dark Energy Survey (DES) studies the universe’s composition, matter distribution, and evolution. The survey also provides a snapshot of the universe’s current structure and a “movie” of its evolution over the past 7 billion years.

The DES also has a Gravitational Waves (DESGW) project that uses DECam to search for optical counterparts of LIGO–Virgo detections. 

Here are some other aspects of space that scientists study in the Dark Energy Survey: 

• Dark matter: A mysterious form of matter that makes up 26.8% of the universe. 
• Dark energy: The energy of empty space that makes up 68.3% of the universe. Dark energy is a pressure that accelerates the expansion of the universe. 
• Gravitational lenses: Strong and weak gravitational lensing are tools used to study dark matter and dark energy. 
• Cosmic microwave background: Light left over from about 380,000 years after the Big Bang. 
• Cosmological constant: A mechanism proposed by Einstein to balance gravity using dark energy

The Dark Energy Survey (DES) has discovered 1,499 Type 1A supernovae. This is the largest number of Type 1A supernovae ever used to constrain dark energy from a single survey

The DES is an international collaboration that maps hundreds of millions of galaxies and detects thousands of supernovae. The DES Supernova Working Group discovered the supernovae from data collected from 300 million distant galaxies. 

Type 1A supernovae have a characteristic light curve, which is a graph of luminosity as a function of time after the explosion. Near the time of maximum luminosity, the spectrum contains lines of intermediate-mass elements from oxygen to calcium. 

Astronomers study the properties of light and energy from supernovae to determine how quickly each one is moving away from Earth. This information can be used to extrapolate the history of the expansion of the universe

Type Ia supernovae are the most well-known standard candles across cosmological distances. This is because of their extreme and consistent luminosity

In 1998, a study of Type Ia supernovae led to the discovery of the universe’s accelerating growth. Scientists attribute this expansion to an invisible energy, called dark energy, that is inherent to the fabric of the universe. 

Type Ia supernovae are a type of supernova that occurs in binary systems, where two stars orbit one another. One of the stars is a white dwarf, and the other star can be a giant star or a smaller white dwarf. 

Type Ia supernovae are extremely luminous, even brighter than a Type II supernova. At their brightest, a normal Type Ia supernova reaches an absolute visual magnitude of −19.5 and has a luminosity exceeding 1043 erg/sec. This is billions of times the luminosity of the Sun. 

Type Ia supernovae produce different elements, such as manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe). Most iron in the universe is thought to come from Type Ia supernovae.

Type Ia supernovae are the best-known standard candles across cosmological distances because of their extreme and consistent luminosity. Recent observations of supernovae are consistent with a universe made up 71.3% of dark energy and 27.4% of a combination of dark matter and baryonic matter.

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