According to the Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, recent observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have confirmed the existence of infant galaxies with black holes that are more massive than expected. 

Astronomers have also discovered that the supermassive black holes at the centers of early galaxies are much more massive than expected. Some of these black holes don’t appear to be located at the center of their galaxies. 

In September 2022, some researchers proposed primordial black holes to explain the unexpected large early galaxies discovered by the JWST. 

According to Space.com, astronomers believe that nearly every galaxy has a giant black hole at its core. However, these black holes are tiny compared to their home galaxies, making up less than 1% of the mass of a typical galaxy.

New Orleans, LA – Astronomers have discovered that the supermassive black holes in the centers of early galaxies are much more massive than expected. These surprisingly hefty black holes offer new insights into the origins of all supermassive black holes, as well as the earliest stages of their host galaxy’s lives

According to the Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has confirmed the existence of supermassive black holes at the beginning of the universe

The JWST’s cameras can look back in time to the beginning of the universe. In November 2023, the JWST captured an image of merging galaxy clusters, including a tiny dot that is a growing supermassive black hole 13.2 billion light years away. The black hole is estimated to be 13.2 billion years old, confirming the existence of supermassive black holes in the early universe. 

The JWST has also spotted more baby quasars than scientists predicted, between 10 and 100 times more abundant. 

The Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics is one of the world’s largest astronomical research institutes, with over 850 scientists, engineers, and support staff.

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has discovered the earliest known black hole in the universe. The black hole is 40 million times the mass of the sun, which is 10 times the mass of Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy. The discovery may have solved a major mystery in astronomy: how the first black holes in the universe formed

The JWST has also identified the most distant active supermassive black hole to date. The black hole is located in the galaxy CEERS 1019, which has existed for over 570 million years since the big bang. However, the black hole itself is smaller than any other found in the early universe

NASA has discovered a number of things about black holes, including: 

• Black holes distort space Black holes warp the space around them, which can warp the images of stars behind them. This can provide evidence of black holes wandering the Milky Way. 
• Black holes can create whirlpools NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has observed a whirlpool of hot gas orbiting a galaxy at speeds of about 1.2 million miles per hour. Only a supermassive black hole would have the gravitational power to create such a vortex. 
• Black holes can twist stars into donuts NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has observed a black hole twist a captured star into a donut shape. 
• Black holes can create trails of stars Researchers believe that the motion of a black hole hitting gas can shock and heat the gas. This could also be radiation from an accretion disk around the black hole. 
• Black holes can deflect light The intense gravitational field of a black hole can deflect and brighten the light from a background star. 

Scientists can’t directly observe black holes with telescopes. Instead, they can infer the presence of black holes by detecting their effect on nearby matter. For example, X-ray emission is a telltale sign of a growing supermassive black hole.

Astrophysicists don’t know what’s inside a black hole because it absorbs all light that enters it. However, some theories suggest what might be inside: 

• Singularity Some believe the center of a black hole contains a singularity, which is a point of infinite density and gravity. 
• Vacuum energy Some physicists believe the center of a black hole contains vacuum energy, which is a type of dark energy. 
• Wormhole Some believe the interior of a black hole contains a wormhole, which is a tunnel that connects two points in space and time. 

Black holes are regions of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing can escape. The extreme gravity tears apart everything and compresses it into elementary particles.

Astronomers have discovered that the supermassive black holes at the center of early galaxies are much more massive than expected. These black holes provide new insights into the origins of supermassive black holes and the early stages of their host galaxies

For example, in 2023, astronomers discovered a supermassive black hole at the center of an ancient galaxy that is five times larger than expected for the number of stars it contains. The black hole is five times more massive than the Milky Way’s black hole, even though the galaxy is less than five-thousandths the mass of the Milky Way. 

The discovery provides new information on how the seeds of today’s supermassive black holes came about

Astronomers believe that most galaxies have supermassive black holes at their centers because: 

• Stars orbit rapidly For stars to orbit quickly near the center of a galaxy, the center must contain millions or billions of solar masses in a small space. 
• Rotation curves Changes in rotation curves at larger radii indicate the presence of dark matter. The high stellar velocities in the centers of galaxies where stars dominate over dark matter must be attributed to some other non-luminous mass, and the only viable candidate is a supermassive black hole. 
• Proper motion studies In the past decade, proper motion studies have determined the orbits of some individual stars moving within 0.04 pc of Sgr A*. These provide the strongest evidence for the existence of a central black hole in the Galactic Center. 
• Effects on nearby stars and gas Astronomers can detect supermassive black holes by watching for their effects on nearby stars and gas. 

One common theory is that supermassive black holes form from the collapse of massive clouds of gas early in the universe’s history. However, the formation mechanism for the supermassive black holes in the centers of galaxies is still uncertain

Astronomers recently discovered that supermassive black holes at the centers of early galaxies are much larger than expected. These black holes provide new insights into the origins of supermassive black holes and the early stages of their host galaxies

Here are some theories about the origins of supermassive black holes: 

• Stellar black holes Stellar black holes are the result of massive stars collapsing. Some suggest that supermassive black holes form when massive gas clouds collapse during the early stages of galaxy formation. 
• Starburst galaxies Current theories predict that supermassive black holes begin in the dust-shrouded cores of starburst galaxies. These galaxies are actively forming stars. 
• Turbulent gas reservoirs Computer simulations show that the first supermassive black holes were born in rare, turbulent reservoirs of gas in the primordial Universe. 

The discovery of the galaxy COS-87259 and its central supermassive black hole might provide clues to other galaxies and black holes in the very early universe.

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