Warping a Galaxy into an Einstein RingAs the distant galaxy’s light travels across space, it moves through the gravitational field of the intervening galaxy. That “bends” the light and distorts the appearance of the galaxy into the ring shape we see here.
Here are some examples of Einstein rings:
- PKS 1830-211 This Einstein ring is unusually strong in radio and is the first case of a quasar being lensed by a spiral galaxy.
- HerS J020941.1+001557 This distant galaxy appears to be ring-shaped due to gravitational effects.
- GAL-CLUS-022058s This Einstein ring is one of the largest and most complete ever discovered.
- QSO B0218+357 This Einstein ring has a similar angular diameter to its smallest separation double-image.
Einstein rings are bull’s-eye patterns that occur when two galaxies are almost perfectly aligned, one behind the other. From Earth, it looks like the light has curved around the galaxy, but the electromagnetic waves have actually been traveling in a straight line.
GAL-CLUS-022058s is the largest and one of the most complete Einstein rings ever discovered in our Universe. The object has been nicknamed by the Principal Investigator and his team who are studying this Einstein ring as the “Molten Ring”, which alludes to its appearance and host constellation
The first complete Einstein ring was discovered in 1998 by astronomers at the University of Manchester and NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope. It was designated B1938+666.
The most distant gravitationally-lensed object ever discovered is JWST-ER1, a complete Einstein ring. It consists of a compact early-type galaxy and a complete Einstein ring with two red concentrations. The lensed galaxy probably has a red center and a blue disk, with parts of the disk producing the ring
The angular size of an Einstein ring is 1 arcsecond.
The angular diameter of an Einstein ring is calculated using the following formula:
θ=√4GMc2DLSDSDL
In this formula, M is the lens mass, DS and DL are the angular diameter distance to the source and lens respectively, and DLS is the angular diameter distance between source and lens.
The angular size of an Einstein ring is a direct measurement of the lens mass
PKS 1830-211 is a radio quasar and the brightest known radio lens in the sky. It is a gravitationally lensed system with a double radio source and a connecting radio ringlike feature. It is also a γ-ray emitting, high-redshift, lensed flat-spectrum radio quasar.
PKS 1830-211 is located at a redshift of z=2.5. It is obscured by our Galaxy at optical wavelengths. In an image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, it appears as a star-like object, hard to spot among the many closer stars.
PKS 1830-211 is part of a flux density monitoring program. A study of the gravitationally lensed blazar PKS 1830-211 was carried out using multi waveband data collected by Fermi-LAT
HerS J020941.1+001557 is a distant galaxy that is an example of an Einstein ring. Einstein rings occur when light from a distant object is “lensed” around something. The galaxy itself is not ring-shaped, but it appears that way due to a gravitational confluence.
HerS J020941.1+001557 is also known by other names, including: G1, G2, HERS1, PJ020941.3
GAL-CLUS-022058s is a gravitationally lensed galaxy located in the constellation Fornax (the Furnace) in the southern hemisphere. It is the largest and one of the most complete Einstein rings ever discovered. The Principal Investigator and his team studying the Einstein ring nicknamed it the “Molten Ring
Gravitational lensing occurs when a massive celestial body, like a galaxy cluster, causes a curvature of spacetime that bends the path of light around it. This makes it look like the light is being bent by a lens. The body that causes the light to curve is called a gravitational lens
QSO B0218+357 is a gravitationally lensed blazar with a redshift of 0.944. It was the first gravitationally lensed blazar to be detected in the very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray spectral range.
In 2016–2020, multiwavelength observations of QSO B0218+357 were reported. These observations included optical, X-ray, and GeV flares.
QSO B0218+357 was also observed in May 1995
The phenomenon, called gravitational lensing, occurs when a massive galaxy in the foreground bends the light rays from a distant galaxy behind it, in much the same way as a magnifying glass would. When both galaxies are exactly lined up, the light forms a circle, called an “Einstein ring,” around the foreground galaxy
An Einstein ring is a phenomenon that occurs when a massive galaxy bends light rays from a distant galaxy behind it. This phenomenon is also known as gravitational lensing
Here’s how it works:
- Light from a galaxy or star passes by a massive object on its way to Earth.
- The gravitational field of the galaxy creates a “lens” that distorts the light.
- The light is diverted, making it appear to come from different places.
- When the galaxies are perfectly aligned, the light forms a circle around the foreground galaxy.
The resulting pattern is an Einstein ring, which makes the distant galaxy appear as a ring or arc of light around the closer galaxy.
Albert Einstein predicted this phenomenon in 1915. In his theory of general relativity, he stated that massive objects distort the fabric of space-time
Einstein predicted gravitational lensing in 1936. He also showed that if a brightly-emitting object is directly behind a massive body, the result would be a ring-shaped image around the massive body.
Einstein’s theory of general relativity predicts that massive objects distort the fabric of space-time. This distortion causes light to bend when it passes near a massive object, such as a galaxy or black hole. The bending can cause the light to be deflected from its original trajectory, resulting in the observer seeing the light coming from a different direction
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