The Big Ring and the Giant Arc are both 3.3 billion light-years across and share the same cosmological neighborhood. This means they are seen at the same distance, at the same cosmic time, and are only 12 degrees apart on the sky
The Big Ring and the Giant Arc appear near the constellation of Bootes the Herdsman. The Big Ring appears as an almost perfect ring in the sky, but analysis suggests it has more of a coil shape.
Alexia Lopez, a PhD student at the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), identified the Big Ring and discovered the Giant Arc in 2021. Lopez said, “Neither of these two ultra-large structures is easy to explain in our current understanding of the universe
A cosmic megastructure is a very large, ring-shaped structure that challenges existing theories of the universe. The Big Ring is a cosmic megastructure with a diameter of about 1.3 billion light-years, making it one of the largest structures ever observed. It’s so large that it challenges the cosmological principle, which states that the universe is homogeneous on a large scale and looks the same in all directions
A megastructure is a very large artificial object, although the limits of precisely how large vary considerably. Some apply the term to any especially large or tall building
The large-scale structure of the universe is the pattern of galaxies and matter on a scale larger than individual galaxies and groups of galaxies. These structures can be billions of light years long and are formed and shaped by gravity
The large-scale structure of the universe is made up of filaments and voids. The filaments can be broken down into superclusters, clusters, galaxy groups, and finally into galaxies.
The large-scale structure of the universe is studied by cosmology, which is the study of the universe as all that exists in a physical sense.
The observable universe is the largest end of the cosmic scale, with a diameter of about 93 billion light years. The most distant objects in the universe are 47 billion light years away, making the observable universe 94 billion light years across.
The Big Bang event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. It was first proposed in 1927 by Roman Catholic priest and physicist Georges Lemaître
The big ring
The Big Ring is a ring-shaped structure made up of galaxies and galaxy clusters, with a diameter of about 1.3 billion light years. It is located 9.2 billion light years away from Earth, near the constellation Boötes.
The Big Ring was discovered in 2024 by Alexia Lopez, a PhD student at the University of Central Lancashire. The proportions of the Big Ring challenge existing theories of the universe, and add to “mounting evidence” that challenges what we know about the universe
The Giant arc
The Giant Arc is a 3.3 billion light-year-wide structure of galaxies, galactic clusters, gas, and dust. It was discovered in June 2021 using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The Giant Arc is about one-fifteenth the radius of the observable universe, and covers about seven percent of the known universe
The Giant Arc’s existence challenges some basic assumptions about the universe. According to the standard model of cosmology, matter should be more or less evenly distributed across space. However, the Giant Arc’s size suggests that gravity is not strong enough to bring structures together beyond a certain size
Yes, the Big Ring and the Giant Arc are in the same cosmological neighborhood. This means that they are seen at the same distance, at the same cosmic time, and are only 12 degrees apart on the sky
The Big Ring appears as a nearly perfect ring in the sky, but analysis suggests it has more of a coil shape. The Giant Arc is a structure spanning 3.3 billion light years of space.
The Big Ring and the Giant Arc are at exactly the same cosmological redshift, z ~ 0.802. If the Giant Arc extended into an even greater ring, it would contain the Big Ring.
Alexia Lopez, a PhD student at the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), discovered the Giant Arc about three years ago.
The Giant Arc appears as an enormous, nearly symmetrical, crescent of galaxies in the remote universe. It’s twice the size of the Sloan Great Wall of galaxies and clusters that is seen in the relatively nearby universe.
The Giant Arc and the Big Ring may form part of a connected cosmological system
The largest known structure in the observable universe is the Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall (HCB). This galaxy filament is about 10 billion light-years long
The BOSS Great Wall is a supercluster of galaxies that is over 1 billion light-years across.
Galactic walls are likely the largest superstructures in the observable universe. These walls can stretch hundreds of millions of light-years across, but are only about 20 million light-years deep.
The universe contains organized structures on all different scales. These range from small systems like the earth and our solar system, to galaxies that contain trillions of stars, and finally extremely large structures that contain billions of galaxies.
According to some, there is nothing outside of the universe. The universe is everything that exists, so there is nothing for it to expand into
The void outside of the universe is often called “outer space” or “the cosmos”. It is a vast expanse with a lack of matter and energy.
Some say that there may be other universes, but they each have their own space-time.
According to Futurism, astronomers think that space outside of the observable universe might be an infinite expanse of what we see in the cosmos around us.
Some theories in physics, like string theory and M-theory, suggest that multiple universes exist. This is known as the multiverse theory.
However, there is no direct evidence that a multiverse exists. Some features of the universe seem to require a multiverse, but nothing has been observed to suggest it exists. The evidence supporting the multiverse is purely theoretical and philosophical.
According to Space.com, we can’t disprove or prove any multiverse theories. Everything we can see suggests that there is only one universe, our own.
Modern cosmology theory suggests that our universe is one of many in the multiverse. MIT physicist Alan Guth has suggested that new universes, known as “pocket universes”, are constantly being created, but they can’t be seen from our universe.
According to Forbes, the universe has no physical boundaries. The universe exists everywhere and is approximately the same everywhere
The part of the universe that we can observe from Earth is filled with galaxies extending in every direction as far as we can see. This is more than 10 billion light-years, or about 6 billion trillion miles.
However, there is a distance beyond which we cannot see. This distance is roughly 46 billion light-years away and marks the boundary of the “observable Universe”.
Scientists don’t think there is a true edge of the universe. However, traveling beyond the boundaries of the universe would likely be impossible due to the immense distances involved
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