According to Space.com, a vampire black hole is a “cosmic particle accelerator” that may help solve a longstanding astronomy mystery. The jets of a microquasar create shockwaves that could be responsible for the strange cosmic rays that bombard Earth.
A cosmic particle accelerator can be a pulsar, binary star system, or the shock waves of a supernova. Processes near black holes and in active galactic nuclei can accelerate particles to very high energies.
Particle accelerators can be dangerous. They emit ionizing radiation and can produce radioactive waste while they are operating. However, regulations and safety practices protect workers and the public when particle accelerators are running.
Scientists may have found evidence that vampire black holes feeding on their victim stars — so-called microquasars — are the cosmic particle accelerators responsible for mysterious high-energy cosmic rays we see bombarding Earth
a vampire black hole is a “cosmic particle accelerator” that may help solve a long-standing astronomy mystery.
A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to high speeds and energies. The largest active accelerator is the Large Hadron Collider near Geneva, Switzerland.
The mystery involves microquasar jets creating shockwaves that could be creating the strange cosmic rays that bombard Earth.
A vampire black hole is a cosmic particle accelerator that may feed on its victim stars
The HR 6819 system, also known as Earth’s closest black hole, is thought to be a “vampire” two-star system. In the 1980s, scientists believed HR 6819 was a single star that was dimly visible to the naked eye.
In 2022, the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Gaia mission revealed the closest known black holes to Earth. Gaia BH1 is 1,560 light-years away, and Gaia BH2 is 3,800 light-years away
On the other end of the size spectrum are the giants known as “supermassive” black holes, which are millions, if not billions, of times as massive as the Sun. Astronomers believe that supermassive black holeslie at the center of virtually all large galaxies, even our own Milky Way
According to Scientific American, no one has ever created a black hole on Earth.
In theory, any object can become a black hole if it has enough mass condensed into a small enough radius. This radius is known as the Schwarzschild radius. For Earth, this would mean condensing the entire planet’s mass into a diameter of less than one inch. However, the pressure needed to compress atoms is only created at the core of stars with 6–10 times the mass of the sun.
According to Stephen Hawking, a single proton–antiproton pair accelerated to nearly the speed of light and smashed together in a particle accelerator could form a black hole.
According to NASA, no black hole is close enough to Earth to be a danger. The closest known black holes are Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2, which are 1,560 and 3,800 light-years away, respectively
According to ESO Supernova, a rogue black hole’s tidal forces would easily rip the planet apart.
Here are some other things that could happen if a black hole opened on Earth:
- Black hole the size of an atom A black hole the size of an atom would have a mass of kilograms. At a distance of 3 meters, it would produce an acceleration of 10,000 times Earth’s surface gravity. This would obliterate anything within 3 meters instantly.
- Black hole the size of a coin A black hole the size of a coin would have about the mass of the Earth. This would be immediately catastrophic.
- Black hole the size of a millimeter A black hole the size of a millimeter would have about one tenth of the mass of the Earth. It would quickly swallow the Earth.
- Black hole the size of an asteroid A black hole the size of an asteroid would puncture the Earth’s surface. However, it would immediately begin to slow down because of its gravitational interaction with Earth.
- Supermassive black hole A supermassive black hole would swallow the Earth below its event horizon. For a short time, everything would appear as it once was. According to NASA, no black hole is close enough to be a danger to Earth
Here are some long-standing astronomy mysteries:
- Mars’ moons The origin of Mars’ two small moons, Phobos and Deimos, has been a mystery for decades.
- Cosmic rays A microquasar’s jets may create shockwaves that produce the cosmic rays that hit Earth.
- Hydrogen emissions The James Webb Space Telescope may have solved the mystery of inexplicable hydrogen emissions.
- Evolution of the universe Astronomers may have solved the mystery of how the universe evolved. Other astronomy mysteries that have been solved include:
- A new type of supernova observed 31 million light-years from Earth
- The first distance to a star other than the Sun
Microquasars are compact regions around a stellar black hole that are much smaller than quasars. They are made up of a star and a compact object, like a black hole or neutron star, that consumes matter from its companion. The matter forms an accretion disk around the black hole, which can become so hot that it emits X-rays. The disk also shoots out narrow streams of subatomic particles at near-light speed, which creates strong radio wave emissions.
The jets from a distant microquasar create shockwaves that could accelerate the particles in cosmic rays. Some experts believe that this study could be a breakthrough in stellar physics
To that end, supernovas and microquasars have been suggested as our universe’s powerful cosmic particle accelerators. Scientists therefore believe these phenomena could be responsible for those high-energy cosmic rays. But evidence of microquasars accelerating particles to such high energies has been scarce — until now, that is
A microquasar’s jets are creating shockwaves that could be creating the strange cosmic rays we see bombarding Earth
Scientists may have found evidence that vampire black holes feeding on their victim stars — so-called microquasars — are the cosmic particle accelerators responsible for mysterious high-energy cosmic rays we see bombarding Earth
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