The European Space Agency (ESA) is planning to launch the EnVision mission to Venus in 2031. The mission will study the planet from its core to its atmosphere, and aims to shed light on its history, geological phenomena, and climate conditions.
NASA also announced plans for two Venus missions in June 2021: VERITAS and DAVINCI+.
In addition, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is planning a Venus mission called Shukrayaan. As of November 2020, ISRO had shortlisted 20 international proposals for the mission, including collaborations with institutions from Russia, France, Sweden, and Germany. The mission could be launched as early as 2028, with an alternate launch window in 2031.
The Shukrayaan spacecraft will orbit Venus at a distance of 500 km at its closest point and 60,000 km at its farthest point. This configuration will allow the spacecraft to collect a wide range of data and observations.
Slated for a 2031 launch aboard an Ariane 6 rocket, EnVision will embark on a comprehensive study of Venus, from its fiery inner core to the dynamic outer atmosphere. This ambitious mission aims to shed light on the planet’s complex history, geological phenomena, and extreme climate conditions
The European Space Agency (ESA) is planning to launch the EnVision spacecraft to Venus in 2031 or later. The mission will study the planet’s history, geological activity, and climate.
The EnVision spacecraft will launch on an Ariane 6 rocket. The mission is expected to last 4.5 years.
The EnVision mission will study Venus from its core to its atmosphere. It will also explore how Venus went from being habitable to hellish. NASA is collaborating with ESA on the mission to increase scientific output
The ESA also officially approved the EnVision mission, which is planned to blast off towards Venus in 2031. The mission hopes to gain new “important new insight into the planet’s history, geological activity and climate,” the ESA said
The European Space Agency’s (ESA) first Venus exploration mission was Venus Express (VEX). It launched in November 2005 and arrived at Venus in April 2006. The 2,800-pound spacecraft spent eight years orbiting the planet, studying its atmosphere and surface.
The original mission was expected to last 500 Earth days, but it was extended five times. The spacecraft was built around the design of Mars Express
The Hybrid Autonomous Rover – Venus mission will land on the planet and use sensors to detect the surface’s chemical composition, wind speed, temperature, and pressure. The mission is also considering high-temperature cameras.
Other missions to Venus include:
- Venus Life Finder A small probe will enter Venus’ atmosphere and search for organic molecules, which could be a sign of life. The probe will be equipped with an autofluorescence nephelometer to detect organic compounds in the planet’s clouds.
- DAVINCI+ This mission will study the composition of Venus’ atmosphere to learn how it formed and evolved. The mission will also try to determine whether the planet once had an ocean.
- Shukrayaan-1 This mission will orbit Venus to study what lies below the surface and unravel the mysteries under the sulfuric acid clouds.
Yes, several Soviet and US robotic spacecraft have landed on Venus.
In 1975, the Soviet Union’s Venera 9 and 10 missions successfully landed on Venus. Venera 9 landed on October 22, 1975, and Venera 10 landed the next day. In 1978, the US’s Pioneer Venus 2 mission landed the Day Probe. The most recent lander was part of the Vega 2 mission, which landed in 1985.
In 1982, the Soviet Union’s Venera 14 lander successfully landed on Venus. It only worked for 57 minutes before succumbing to the harsh environment. However, in that short time, it captured a color panoramic photo.
The Soviet Union’s Sputnik 7 was the first mission to Venus, but the rocket’s final stage failed and it couldn’t reach the planet.
Here are some other missions to Venus:
- Pioneer Venus 1 The first American spacecraft to orbit Venus, Pioneer Venus 1 used radar to map the surface.
- Mariner 1 The first US attempt to send a spacecraft to Venus, Mariner 1 was destroyed by a range safety officer after it veered off course.
- Mariner 2 The first successful mission to another planet, Mariner 2 flew by Venus in 1962.
- Venera 9 and 10 These missions in 1975 were the first to orbit Venus, and each included an orbiter and a soft lander.
- Shukrayaan-1 ISRO’s first mission to Venus, Shukrayaan-1 is planned for launch in December 2024. The mission’s objectives include studying the surface and atmosphere of Venus, and analyzing its geological composition.
As of 2023, there have been 46 missions to Venus, including gravity-assist flybys. Of the 41 missions launched, 23 have been successful. This is a higher success rate than Mars missions
Some recent missions to Venus include:
- Solar Orbiter Launched in 2020, this ESA solar probe made five flybys of Venus
- BepiColombo Launched in 2018, this ESA Mercury orbiter and lander made two flybys of Venus
- Parker Solar Probe Launched in 2018, this NASA solar mission has made multiple flybys of Venus
- Akatsuki/Planet-C Launched in 2010, this ISAS Venus orbiter is the only active mission at Venus
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