According to a professor of space systems engineering at the University of Glasgow, it’s highly unlikely but possible for Earth to leave the solar system. 

The amount of energy needed to remove Earth from its orbit and eject it from the solar system is equivalent to sextillion megaton nuclear bombs going off at once. This makes it seem unlikely. 

According to Quora, the likelihood of Earth being ejected from the solar system is extremely low. However, Space.com says that if we weren’t careful, we could give Earth so much energy that it would achieve solar escape velocity and permanently exit the solar system

If we weren’t careful, we could give so much energy to Earth that it would achieve solar escape velocity, permanently exiting the solar system. Once gone, it would never come back, doomed to roam the cosmos as a rogue planet

In Liu Cixin’s short story “The Wandering Earth” (first published in Chinese magazine Science Fiction World in July 2000), Cixin portrays a scenario in which the planet’s leaders agree to propel Earth out of the solar system to escape an imminent solar flare that is expected to decimate all of the terrestrial planets.

This story is, of course, based in the realm of fiction, but could Earth ever really leave the solar system? 

According to Space.com, if Earth were to gain enough energy to achieve solar escape velocity, it would leave the solar system and become a rogue planet. 

To escape the Earth’s surface, you need a speed of 11.2 kilometers per second (kmps). To also escape the Sun, you need a residual speed of 42.1 kmps. To exit the solar system from anywhere bound to Earth, you need a speed of 53.3 kmps. 

According to Live Science, the energy required to remove Earth from its orbit and eject it from the solar system is equivalent to sextillion (a 1 with 21 zeros after it) megaton nuclear bombs going off at once.

Without the Sun’s energy, Earth would freeze and become a lifeless ball of ice-coated rock. The Sun’s heat makes liquid water possible, and almost all living things rely on the Sun’s steady light and heat. 

The Sun’s energy:

1. Enables photosynthesis in plants, which provides the oxygen we breathe and helps grow the food we eat 
2. Warms our seas, stirs our atmosphere, generates our weather patterns 
3. Drives weather, ocean currents, seasons, and climate 
4. Makes plant life possible through photosynthesis Without the Sun’s energy, there would be no winds, ocean currents, or clouds to transport water. Within a few days, temperatures would begin to drop, and any humans left on the planet’s surface would die soon after. Without the Sun’s energy, there would also be no fossil energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas to generate energy. 

If Earth were to achieve solar escape velocity, it would permanently leave the solar system and become a rogue planet. 

Escape velocity is the minimum speed needed for an object to escape from the orbit of a primary body. If an object is traveling at a speed lower than escape velocity, it will follow the curve of an ellipse and either orbit the primary body or collide with its surface. If an object is traveling faster than escape velocity, it will continue moving away along a hyperbolic trajectory. 

According to Live Science, the amount of energy required to remove Earth from its orbit and eject it from the solar system is equivalent to sextillion (1 with 21 zeros after it) megaton nuclear bombs going off at once. This makes it seem unlikely that Earth will ever leave the solar system. 

If Earth were to leave the solar system, it would be locked in permanent night, which would chill the atmosphere and kill all the plants and algae. Plants would begin to die, and 99.99% of all natural biodiversity on Earth would cease. Photosynthesis would stop immediately after the sunlight disappeared.

According to Live Science, it’s very unlikely that Earth will ever leave the solar system. 

To move Earth to a different solar system, we would need to overcome the Sun’s gravity and give Earth enough speed to escape its orbit. 

Humanity would also need to overcome significant technological and economic challenges to achieve interstellar travel. Even the most optimistic views predict that it will be decades before this milestone is reached. 

Intergalactic travel is currently only the subject of speculation, hypothesis, and science fiction. However, theoretically speaking, there is nothing to conclusively indicate that intergalactic travel is impossible. 

NASA’s Voyager 1 is the farthest spacecraft to have gone. Launched in 1977, Voyager 1 crossed into interstellar space in August 2012 and continues to collect data. Voyager 1 will leave the solar system aiming toward the constellation Ophiuchus. In the year 40,272 AD, Voyager 1 will come within 1.7 light years of an obscure star in the constellation Ursa Minor. 

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