GW230529, detected in May 2023, marks the first observation of a gravitational wave involving a mass-gap object and a neutron star, challenging existing assumptions and sparking excitement in the scientific community
Space Collision: Scientists believe that the collision involved neutron stars or black holes. Neutron stars are extremely dense objects with a mass 1.4 to 2 times that of the Sun. These have magnetic fields trillions of times more powerful than Earth’s.
Gravitational Wave Signal: Scientists have detected the signal of gravitational waves from the collision of two black holes 650 million light years away. This is the first time that scientists have directly detected gravitational waves from black hole collisions. Actually scientists have made this big discovery in space! They have caught a signal of gravitational waves, which has been named GW230529. This signal was seen in May 2023 by a special instrument named LIGO Livingston. This wave has been created by the collision of two very large bodies in distant space. These objects could be very massive stars or could even be black holes
According to Einstein’s theory of gravity, when very heavy objects rotate or collide in space, they produce gravitational waves. These waves travel at the speed of light and tell scientists what is happening in space. Many times such events happen which we cannot see, but with the help of gravitational waves scientists can understand them.
It has forced me to think..
This event, named GW230529, involved a very dense star (a neutron star) and another object whose mass (weight) was between that of a neutron star and a black hole. This discovery has forced scientists to think that there may be a lot more in space than previously thought.
Trillions times more than Earth’s magnetic field.
Neutron stars have 1.4 to 2 times the mass of the Sun and their density is very high. The magnetic field around them is trillions of times stronger than the Earth’s magnetic field. This is the reason why scientists are studying them and trying to understand what strange things are possible to be found in space.
Collision between black holes..
Dr. Jess McIver, assistant professor at the University of British Columbia, has told about this discovery. He says, “This discovery suggests that collisions between neutron stars and low-mass black holes may be more common than previously thought.”
This is the first time
The special thing about GW230529 is that it is the first time that scientists have detected gravitational waves in a neutron star as well as an object with a “mass gap”. This discovery is very encouraging for scientists.
Although the detection of GW230529 is a major achievement, it is difficult to trace where this signal actually comes from in space. This signal was found 650 million light years away from Earth and the thing to note is that this signal was found just five days after the start of the search.
Neutron stars
Neutron stars typically have masses ranging from about 1.4 to 2 times that of the Sun. This density means that just a teaspoonful of neutron star material would weigh billions of tonnes on Earth.
They also have incredibly strong magnetic fields, trillions of times stronger than Earth’s magnetic field. These characteristics make neutron stars a focus of study for astrophysicists trying to understand extreme conditions in the universe
The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration made the astounding discovery by monitoring spacetime distortions indicative of gravitational waves using three distinct detectors located globally. The most recent signal was captured by the end of last year’s latest observation run
Geraint Pratten, from the University of Birmingham, said, “We could not determine with certainty if the compact objects are black holes or neutron stars, as the gravitational wave signal does not provide enough information. However, it is very likely that this was the merger between a black hole and a neutron star. Either way, we are very confident that the heavier object falls within the mass gap”, as quoted by the Independent. The researcher concluded by saying the ongoing analysis of the phenomenon was helping him and other fellow scientists to have a better understanding of the “astrophysical processes”.
What are gravitational waves
Gravitational waves, also known as gravity waves, are ripples in space-time caused by the movement of massive objects, such as neutron stars, black holes, or white dwarf stars. They are the equivalent of electromagnetic waves, and travel at the speed of light
Gravitational waves are caused by some of the most violent and energetic events in the universe, including: Colliding black holes, Collapsing stellar cores, Merging neutron stars or white dwarf stars, and The wobble of neutron stars that are not perfect spheres.
For example, the merger of two black holes produces gravitational waves as the black holes spiral toward each other.
Gravitational waves transport energy as gravitational radiation, a form of radiant energy similar to electromagnetic radiation. The effect that gravitational waves have on Earth is thousands of times smaller than the width of a proton.
Oliver Heaviside first proposed gravitational waves in 1893, and Henri Poincaré later proposed them in 1905. In 1916, Albert Einstein demonstrated that gravitational waves result from his general theory of relativity as ripples in spacetime.
Some physicists use the analogy that gravitational waves let us “hear the universe”.
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