A better understanding of the wireless transmission disruptors such as lunar dust can lead to the development of more efficient and reliable systems for powering lunar missions and infrastructure, including those related to the Artemis program and future human exploration efforts.”
This research is motivated by the objective of overcoming the logistical and technical challenges associated with using traditional cables on the Moon’s surface,” Dr. Kurt tells Universe Today. “Laying cables on the Moon’s rough, dusty surface would lead to ongoing maintenance and wear problems, as lunar dust is highly abrasive. On the other hand, transporting large quantities of cables to the Moon requires a significant amount of fuel, which adds considerably to the mission’s costs
For the study, the researchers used a myriad of calculations and computer models to ascertain if one, two, or three satellites are sufficient within an EMLP-2 halo orbit to maintain both constant coverage of the lunar far side (LFS) and line of sight with the Earth. For context, EMLP-2 is located on the far side of the Moon with the halo orbit being perpendicular—or sideways—to the Moon’s orbit. The calculations involved in the study included the distances between each satellite, the antenna angles between the satellites and surface receiver, the amount of LFS surface coverage, and the amount of transmitted power between the satellites and LFS surface antennae. So, what were the most significant results from this study?
How wireless power works
Unless you are particularly organized and good with tie wrap, you probably have a few dusty power cord tangles around your home. You may have even had to follow one particular cord through the seemingly impossible snarl to the outlet, hoping that the plug you pull will be the right one. This is one of the downfalls of electricity. While it can make people’s lives easier, it can add a lot of clutter in the process.
For these reasons, scientists have tried to develop methods of wireless power transmission that could cut the clutter or lead to clean sources of electricity. While the idea may sound futuristic, it isn’t particularly new. Nicola Tesla proposed theories of wireless power transmission in the late 1800s and early 1900s. One of his more spectacular displays involved remotely powering lights in the ground at his Colorado Springs experiment station
Tesla’s work was impressive, but it didn’t immediately lead to widespread, practical methods for wireless power transmission. Since then, researchers have developed several techniques for moving electricity over long distances without wires. Some exist only as theories or prototypes, but others are already in use. If you have an electric toothbrush, for example, you probably take advantage of one method every day.
The wireless transmission of energy is common in much of the world. Radio waves are energy, and people use them to send and receive cell phone, TV, radio and WiFi signals every day. The radio waves spread in all directions until they reach antennae that are tuned to the right frequency. A similar method for transferring electrical power would be both inefficient and dangerous.
This is what a recent study submitted to IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems hopes to address as a pair of researchers from the Polytechnique Montréal investigated the potential for a wireless power transmission method (WPT) comprised of anywhere from one to three satellites located at Earth-Moon
Here are some PDFs about wireless power transmission on the moon:
- Theory of wireless power transmission on moon: Technology Demonstration of Wireless Power Transfer in Space This document discusses the history of wireless power transmission technology, beginning with Nikola Tesla’s 1891 demonstration using electromagnetic induction.
- Architecture Analysis of Wireless Power Transmission for Lunar … This paper discusses the feasibility of microwave and laser transmission, and the results show that microwave transmission can result in large transmitter and receiver antenna sizes, which are expensive. The laser transmission approach is less efficient, resulting in higher per satellite costs.
- Theory of wireless power transmission on moon: Wireless Power Transfer for Space Applications This design is intended to be modular and can be used for a variety of space exploration applications, such as wireless sensors for launch vehicles, robotic mission charging stations, and automatic docking systems.
- Wireless Power Transfer in Space using Flexible, Lightweight … This paper discusses how wireless power transfer (WPT) at a distance could change energy distribution and access on Earth and in space, with implications for consumer electronics, energy generation, and distribution.
- Lunar Wireless Power Transfer Feasibility Study This study shows that WPT systems can be more efficient and less expensive than traditional wired approaches for certain lunar and terrestrial applications.
WPT could transform energy distribution and access on Earth and in space, with implications for consumer electronics, energy generation, and distribution.
Wireless power transfer works by using electromagnetic fields to transfer electrical energy from a power source to an electrical device without the need for physical connectors or wires. There are a few different methods for wireless power transfer, but one of the most common approaches is inductive coupling
Yes, wireless power transmission is possible on the moon. For example, Yank Tech has a NASA contract to develop wireless charging solutions for autonomous vehicles on the moon. Astrobotic has also developed a wireless charging system that can transmit power in extreme temperatures.
Here are some other ways wireless power transmission is possible on the moon:
- Solar power station The moon could have a solar power station that sends energy to Earth via wireless power transmission.
- Solar power cells A ring of solar power cells could be installed around the moon’s equator, then the power could be converted into microwave laser beams that are transmitted to Earth from the side of the moon facing Earth.
Wireless power transfer can transfer power over distances of 4 to 6 inches with high efficiency, over 90%
Dr. Kurt tells Universe Today their models concluded that three satellites in an EMLP-2 halo orbit and operating at equal distances from each other could “achieve continuous power beaming to a receiver optical antenna anywhere on the lunar far side” while maintaining 100 percent LFS coverage and line of sight with the
The amount of power that can be transmitted wirelessly depends on several factors, including the technology’s efficiency, the distance between the transmitter and receiver, and the application’s requirements. For example, magnetic induction can transfer power in the range of a few watts to tens of watts over short distances, while experimental technologies can transfer power in the range of kilowatts over longer distances
According to a Quora user, it is possible to send a radio signal from the far side of the moon. However, the signal would not be received on Earth
According to Universe Today, three satellites in an EMLP-2 halo orbit could achieve continuous power beaming to a receiver optical antenna anywhere on the lunar far side.
Here are some other methods for transmitting power to the far side of the moon:
- LUNA RING Install a ring of solar power cells around the moon’s equator. Convert the power into microwave laser beams and transmit the energy to Earth from the side of the moon that always faces Earth.
- Electrodynamic wireless power transfer (EWPT) This system uses a receiver with a mechanically resonating or rotating permanent magnet. Power is transmitted between two rotating armatures, one in the transmitter and one in the receiver.
According to a Quora user, it would take about 1.27 seconds to send electricity from Earth to the moon using an average extension cord.
According to Civil Air Patrol, it takes about 1.28 seconds for a one-way radio signal to travel from Earth to the moon.
According to Space, it takes about three days for a spacecraft to reach the moon. However, the moon’s distance from Earth is not constant because it does not orbit Earth in a perfect circle.
According to Wikipedia, radio waves propagate in vacuum at the speed of light, which is exactly 299,792,458 m/s. Propagation time to the moon and back ranges from 2.4 to 2.7 seconds, with an average of 2.56 seconds
According to NASA, the electric potential of the moon’s surface can range from +20 volts to a few volts positive. However, NASA’s Lunar Prospector spacecraft detected changes in the moon’s nightside voltage, which jumped from -200 V to -1000 V.
The moon’s surface is negatively charged due to the constant bombardment of electrons and protons from the solar wind. This negative electrostatic charge causes the dust particles to repel each other, minimizing the potential.
The moon charges positively during the day and negatively at night. This is caused by solar ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron charge
Wireless power transmission (WPT) could help with future space missions, including exploring the far side of the moon. WPT could also enable the exploration of distant planets and asteroids that can be powered and accessed wirelessly. WPT could also improve communication from the far side of the moon to Earth in the coming years and decades
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