Yes, tartrazine, a yellow food dye, can make skin transparent: 

How it works 

Tartrazine is a synthetic dye that’s approved by the FDA for use in foods, cosmetics, and medications. When dissolved in water, it prevents light from scattering, which makes tissues transparent

How it’s used 

Researchers apply a mixture of water and tartrazine to the skin of live mice to make it transparent. The skin on their bellies, hind legs, and heads become transparent within minutes

What it can reveal 

Researchers can use this technique to see blood vessels in the brain, intestines, bladder, and liver without making incisions

Potential applications 

This technique could have many medical applications, including

• Diagnosing tumors without invasive biopsies
• Making blood draws less painful by helping locate veins
• Enhancing laser tatto removal

Safety 

The dye doesn’t harm the animals, and the process is reversible by washing away the remaining solution. The dye doesn’t appear to have long-term effects, and any excess is excreted in waste within 48 hours

In a pioneering new study, researchers made the skin on the skulls and abdomens of live mice transparent by applying to the areas a mixture of water and a common yellow food coloring called tartrazine.

Dr. Zihao Ou, assistant professor of physicsat The University of Texas at Dallas, is lead author of the study, published online Sept. 5 in the journal Science.

Living skin is a scattering medium. Like fog, it scatters light, which is why it cannot be seen through.

“We combined the yellow dye, which is a molecule that absorbs most light, especially blue and ultraviolet light, with skin, which is a scattering medium. Individually, these two things block most light from getting through them. But when we put them together, we were able to achieve transparency of the mouse skin,” said Ou, who, with colleagues, conducted the study while he was a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University before joining the UT Dallas faculty in the School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in August.

“For those who understand the fundamental physics behind this, it makes sense; but if you aren’t familiar with it, it looks like a magic trick,” Ou said.

Looking forward, this technology could make veins more visible for the drawing of blood, make laser-based tattoo removal more straightforward, or assist in the early detection and treatment of cancers,” said Stanford University assistant professor of materials science and engineering Guosong Hong, who helped lead this work.

“For example, certain therapies use lasers to eliminate cancerous and precancerous cells, but are limited to areas near the skin’s surface. This technique may be able to improve that light penetration.”

The researchers suspect that injecting the dye should lead to even deeper views within organisms, with implications for both biology and medicine

With methods grounded in fundamental physics, the researchers hope their approach will launch a new field of study matching dyes to biological tissues based on optical properties, potentially leading to a wide range of medical applications

Researchers have peered into the brains and bodies of living animals after discovering that a common food dye can make skin, muscle and connective tissues temporarily transparent.

Applying the dye to the belly of a mouse made its liver, intestines and bladder clearly visible through the abdominal skin, while smearing it on the rodent’s scalp allowed scientists to see blood vessels in the animal’s brain

In an accompanying article, Christopher Rowlands and Jon Gorecki, of Imperial College London, say there will be “extremely broad interest” in the procedure, which, when combined with modern imaging techniques, could allow scientists to image an entire mouse brain or spot tumours beneath centimetre-thick tissues. “HG Wells, who studied biology under TH Huxley, as a student would surely approve,” they write

Tartrazine is a synthetic lemon yellowazo dye primarily used as a food coloring. It is also known as E numberE102, C.I.19140, FD&CYellow 5, Yellow 5 Lake, Acid Yellow 23, Food Yellow 4, and trisodium 1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-5-pyrazolone-3-carboxylate

Tartrazine is a commonly used coloring agent all over the world, mainly for yellow, and can also be used with brilliant blue FCF(FD&C Blue 1, E133) or green S (E142) to produce various green shades. It serves as a dye for wool and silks, a colorant in food, drugs and cosmetics and an adsorption-elution indicator for chloride estimations in biochemistry.

History

Tartrazine was discovered in 1884 by Swiss chemist Johann Heinrich Ziegler, who developed the yellow azo dye in the laboratories of the Bindschedler’sche Fabrik für chemische Industrie in Basel (CIBA). This was patented and produced in Germany by BASF in 1885 (DRP 34294). The process was first presented in 1887 in Chemische Berichte, the journal of the German Chemical Society. Although the structure proposed by Ziegler was not confirmed, he was able to develop an alternative synthesis of tartrazine based on the idea that a hydrazone is the tautomeric form of an azo compound (azo-hydrazo tautomerism). This production process was patented in 1893 (British Patent 5693).

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