The third state suggests that organismal death may play a significant role in how life transforms over time.” A notable study from Tufts University showcases this phenomenon. Researchers extracted skin cells from dead frog embryos and observed them reorganising into a new multicellular organism known as “xenobots

Several factors influence how these cells survive after death, including the time elapsed since death, trauma, and metabolic activity, as well as more common factors such as age and health. 

In an article published in The Conversation, Peter Nobel, a biologist at the University of Washington, and Alex Pozhitkov, a bioinformatics researcher at the City of Hope Cancer Center in California, discuss their findings on xenobots and anthrobots-cells that can persist and adapt beyond the life of their host. Their comprehensive review, published in July in the journal Physiology, highlights numerous studies revealing the therapeutic possibilities these biobots present.

One hypothesis is that specialised channels and pumps embedded in the outer membranes of cells serve as intricate electrical circuits,” the authors explained. “These channels generate electrical signals that facilitate communication among cells, enabling them to perform specific functions such as growth and movement, ultimately shaping the structure of the organism they form

Importantly, this “third state” is not a realm of eternal life. Typically, these cells exist for about four to six weeks, ensuring that any medications administered via these bots do not inadvertently lead to invasive cell growth, which could jeopardize patient health

The “third state” is a concept that refers to a condition where cells and tissues can continue to function and adapt after an organism has died. This challenges the traditional idea that death is the irreversible end of an organism’s functions

Some key features of the third state include: 

Cells can transform into new organisms 

When given nutrients, oxygen, bioelectricity, or biochemical signals, cells can transform into new multicellular organisms

Cells can exhibit new functions 

These new organisms can exhibit new functions that go beyond the original biological functions of the cells. 

Cells can self-replicate 

Some cells can duplicate their form and functions without traditional growth

Understanding how cells function after death could lead to new insights into cellular behavior and breakthroughs in organ preservation and transplantation

Recent research suggests the existence of a “third state” that challenges conventional definitions of life and death, proposing that some cells and tissues can function after an organism’s death, opening up new questions about cellular capabilities and their implications for biology and medicine

What is the space between life and death called?

The word liminal is defined as the space in between. “Often it’s the space in between living and dying,” says Stolte, “but it’s also the space where we don’t know anything, and it can be rich and fertile soil

What is the Hinduism afterlife and death?

Most Hindus believe that humans are in a cycle of death and rebirth called samsara. When a person dies, their atman (soul) is reborn in a different body. Some believe rebirth happens directly at death, others believe that an atman may exist in other realms

Life and death have been the subject of human contemplation since ancient times and the concept of a third state had been on the cards. While the existence of an afterlife remains a debatable topic, the traditional view of life and death sees them as opposites: life represents activity and consciousness, while death marks the end of these. 

However, recent research suggests that the boundary between life and death may not be as clear-cut as we think. A new study proposes that there might be a “third state”that exists between life and death.

Scientists Dr Peter Noble from the University of Washington and Dr Alex Pozhitkov from the City of Hope National Medical Center took this research a step further. In their study, published in the journal Physiology, they found that certain cells from dead organisms—like humans and animals—can keep functioning for hours, days, or even weeks after death.

For example, organ donations rely on this very fact—some cells in tissues and organs can stay alive after the donor dies. Lung cells from deceased humans were even found to form tiny new structures called anthrobots. These anthrobots could move, heal themselves, and even repair damaged cells nearby.

The researchers think this “third state” could happen because cells still can adapt, especially when they are given oxygen, nutrients, or bioelectric signals.

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