According to current astronomical observations, it is highly likely that we are indeed living within a large cosmic void, a region of space with significantly fewer galaxies than the average density of the universe, meaning our galaxy, the Milky Way, resides in a relatively empty area of space compared to others.
Key points about this “cosmic void”:
- Large-scale structure:The universe is not uniformly distributed, with galaxies clumping together in filaments and clusters, leaving large empty areas called voids in between.
- The KBC Void:Scientists often refer to the void we inhabit as the “KBC Void” which is a particularly large and sparsely populated region of space.
- Implications:This could have implications for our understanding of the universe’s expansion rate, as the void’s lower density might affect local measurements.
What is the meaning of cosmic void?
Cosmic voids (also known as dark space) are vast spaces between filaments (the largest-scale structures in the universe), which contain very few or no galaxies
What is the KBC void theory?
The KBC Void: A Gigantic Cosmic Underdensity
If the void exists, it could mean that the Milky Way and its neighbors reside in a uniquely sparse region of the universe. This would challenge the cosmological principle, which holds that the universe should appear homogeneous and isotropic on large scales
Are we inside KBC void?
As with other voids, it is not completely empty; it contains the Milky Way, the Local Group, and the larger part of the Laniakea Supercluster. The Milky Way is within a few hundred million light-years of the void’s center. It is debated whether the existence of the KBC void is consistent with the ΛCDM model
Are cosmic voids real?
Cosmic voids, such as this one, are the spaces within the web-like structure of the universe wherein very few or no galaxies exist. Adjacent to the Local Group, this region of empty space is at least 150 million light-years across
What is the largest void in the universe?
The Boötes void
The Boötes void spans an area 330 million lightyears across but contains very few galaxies, making it the largest void in the known Universe
Is Milky Way in a void?
Astronomers have previously noticed that the Milky Way sits in a large, flat array of galaxies called the Local Sheet, which bounds the Local Void. The Local Void extends approximately 60 megaparsecs (200 Mly), beginning at the edge of the Local Group
We live in a cosmic void so empty that it breaks the laws of cosmology
Mounting evidence suggests our galaxy sits at the centre of an expanse of nothingness 2 billion light years wide. If so, we may have to rethink our understanding of the universe
Ever feel like you are stuck in a hole? Newsflash: you are. Astronomers call it the “local hole”, but that is quite the understatement. It is vast, gigantic, enormously huge – although, in truth, adjectives fail us when it comes to this expanse of nothingness. It is the largest cosmic void we know of, spanning 2 billion light years. Our galaxy happens to be near its centre, but the trouble with this hole isn’t that it presents a proximate danger – more that it shouldn’t exist at all.
That is, if one of our most firmly held beliefs about the cosmos is true. That assumption, known as the cosmological principle, says that the universe’s matter should be evenly distributed on the largest scales. It is the cornerstone on which much of modern cosmology is built. If the void is real, then that stone might be crumbling.
For this reason, few dared to believe the void could be genuine. But evidence has mounted in recent years, and astronomers have moved from doubt to begrudging acceptance. They have also discovered other similarly vast structures. So now the question is being asked with increasing urgency: if we really are living in a void, do we need to drastically modify our models of the cosmos? That might involve rethinking gravity, the nature of dark matter, or both.
Earth and its parent galaxy are living in a cosmic desert — a region of space largely devoid of other galaxies, stars and planets, according to a new study.
Galaxy clusters that exist in a cosmic void should be attracted to regions with stronger gravity. That would be revealed in how fast these galaxy clusters move through space, Hoscheit said. But if the clusters were moving more slowly than expected, then perhaps the conclusions of the previous study would need to be rethought, he said. However, the kSZ effect on the clusters was consistent with that in the 2013 study, Hoscheit added.
Do we live in a giant void? It could solve the puzzle of the universe’s expansion
One of the biggest mysteries in cosmology is the rate at which the universe is expanding. This can be predicted using the standard model of cosmology, also known as Lambda-cold dark matter (ΛCDM). This model is based on detailed observations of the light left over from the Big Bang – the so-called cosmic microwave background (CMB).
The universe’s expansion makes galaxies move away from each other. The further away they are from us, the more quickly they move. The relationship between a galaxy’s speed and distance is governed by “Hubble’s constant”, which is about 43 miles (70 km) per second per Megaparsec (a unit of length in astronomy). This means that a galaxy gains about 50,000 miles per hour for every million light years it is away from us.
But unfortunately for the standard model, this value has recently been disputed, leading to what scientists call the “Hubble tension”. When we measure the expansion rate using nearby galaxies and supernovas (exploding stars), it is 10% larger than when we predict it based on the CMB.
In our new paper, we present one possible explanation: that we live in a giant void in space (an area with below average density). We show that this could inflate local measurements through outflows of matter from the void. Outflows would arise when denser regions surrounding a void pull it apart – they’d exert a bigger gravitational pull than the lower density matter inside the void.
Tweaking the laws of gravity
We wanted to test this idea further by matching many different cosmological observations by assuming that we live in a large void that grew from a small density fluctuation at early times.
To do this, our model didn’t incorporate ΛCDM but an alternative theory called Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND).
MOND was originally proposed to explain anomalies in the rotation speeds of galaxies, which is what led to the suggestion of an invisible substance called “dark matter”. MOND instead suggests that the anomalies can be explained by Newton’s law of gravity breaking downwhen the gravitational pull is very weak – as is the case in the outer regions of galaxies.
However, we have no good way to measure how gravity behaves on much larger scales – there are no gravitationally bound objects that huge. We can assume General Relativity remains valid and compare with observations, but it is precisely this approach which leads to the very severe tensions currently faced by our best model of cosmology.
Einstein is thought to have said that we cannot solve problems with the same thinking that led to the problems in the first place. Even if the required changes are not drastic, we could well be witnessing the first reliable evidence for more than a century that we need to change our theory of gravity.
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