With the help of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), scientists discovered the formation of supermassive black holes in the early universe. Now JWST has also discovered giant spiral galaxies of that era.

Science News in Hindi: Indian scientists have made an unexpected discovery with the help of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). They have observed a giant spiral galaxy in the early universe. This discovery can change our knowledge about the formation of galaxies.  With the help of JWST, the presence of supermassive black holes in the early universe has already been detected. Now the results of the research related to the discovery of the giant spiral galaxy have been published on the pre-print database arXiv on December 9. This study has not yet been reviewed by other scientists. Read, 5 big things related to this surprising discovery.

Recent research led by Indian scientists utilizing the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has indeed revealed a remarkable spiral galaxy, A2744-GDSp-z4, in the early universe. This discovery challenges our current understanding of galaxy formation and evolution.
The galaxy existed when the universe was only 1.5 billion years old, a mere fraction of its current age. Its well-defined spiral structure and rapid star formation rate are surprising, as galaxies in the early universe were typically thought to be chaotic and less organized.
This discovery highlights the power of the JWST in probing the distant universe and pushing the boundaries of our knowledge. It also underscores the significant contributions of Indian scientists to the field of astronomy and astrophysics.

James Webb telescope uncovers massive ‘grand design’ spiral galaxy in the early universe — and scientists can’t explain how it got so big, so fast

Galaxies in the early universe tend to be clumpy, but the new JWST discovery of a “grand design” spiral galaxy just 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang has scientists stumped.

Researchers just found an unexpected galaxy using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The large swirl of stars is known as a grand-design spiral galaxy, and its exceptionally advanced age could change what we know about galaxy formation

Generally, the older a galaxy is, the farther away it is from us. Scientists can gauge the age and distance of galaxies through something called redshift — a phenomenon that occurs when light shifts to lower-frequency, redder wavelengths as it crosses large stretches of space. This happens for a couple of reasons; first, because the universe is expanding, older stars naturally end up further away. And second, because red is the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum of light, stars that are very far away tend to appear redder, having a higher redshift. JWST is designed to peer deeply into the red and infrared spectrum, allowing it to see old, distant galaxies more clearly than any previous telescope.

But spiral galaxies tend to be on the younger side, making the newly-discovered galaxy, designated A2744-GDSp-z4, an outlier. Grand-design galaxies like A2744-GDSp-z4 are characterized by their two well-defined spiral arms. Very few have ever been found with a redshift above 3.0 — meaning their light has been traveling for nearly 11.5 billion years, according to the Las Cumbres Observatory.

The newfound galaxy, meanwhile, has a redshift of 4.03, meaning the light JWST detected was emitted more than 12 billion years ago. According to the researchers who discovered it, that means A2744-GDSp-z4 came together when the universe was only about 1.5 billion years old — and it appears to have formed very rapidly. Given its estimated star formation rate, it accrued a mass of about 10 billion solar masses in just a few hundred million years.

This flies in the face of how scientists think spiral galaxies usually form.

“The rarity of high redshift spirals might be a consequence of galaxies being dynamically hot at those early epochs,” the researchers, led by Rashi Jain at the National Center for Radio Astrophysics in India, wrote in the new study. “Dynamically hot systems tend to form clumpy structures,” rather than highly ordered spirals, the researchers added

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