Recent findings by the Hubble Space Telescope have indeed reinforced the idea that we are made of cosmic dust. A new survey of 150,000 stars has shown that the elements found in the human body are abundant throughout the Milky Way galaxy, particularly towards the center. This suggests that the building blocks of life were formed in stars and spread throughout the universe through supernova explosions.

Cosmic dust, also known as extraterrestrial dust, space dust, or star dust, is dust that occurs in outer space or has fallen onto Earth. It consists of tiny particles of solid matter, typically ranging in size from a few molecules to about 0.1 millimeters. These particles can be found in various locations throughout the universe, including:

• Interstellar dust: Found between stars within galaxies.
• Interplanetary dust: Found within planetary systems, such as the zodiacal dust cloud in our solar system.
• Circumplanetary dust: Found around planets and in planetary rings, like Saturn’s rings.
• Intergalactic dust: Found between galaxies.

Cosmic dust plays a crucial role in many astronomical processes, including:

• Star formation: Dust clouds can collapse under their own gravity to form stars.
• Planet formation: Dust particles can clump together to form larger bodies, eventually leading to the formation of planets.
• Extinction: Dust can block or absorb light from stars, making them appear dimmer or redder.
• Reflection: Dust can reflect light from stars, creating diffuse nebulae.
  The composition of cosmic dust can vary depending on its origin and location. It can consist of various materials, such as:
• Silicates: Common minerals found in rocks and dust on Earth.
• Carbon: A key element in organic molecules.
• Ice: Water ice and other frozen substances.
• Stardust: Grains of material that have survived from the formation of stars.
  The study of cosmic dust provides valuable insights into the formation and evolution of stars, planets, and galaxies.

Hubble Space Telescope: Hubble data has shown that some part of the carbon that makes up our bodies may have at some time gone millions of light years away from the galaxy and returned

Famous scientist Carl Sagan once said – ‘We are made of star-stuff’, that is, we are all made of ‘star stuff’. Recently, data obtained from the Hubble Telescope has confirmed this. It was discovered that the carbon present in our bodies had once traveled a distance of hundreds of thousands of light-years outside our galaxy

Within stars, elements heavier than helium are formed. When these stars explode as supernova, these elements spread across the universe. These elements create new generation stars and planets. But this journey is not straight. A new study has shown that elements like carbon go out of the galaxy and reach the huge cloud of gas located around it, called ‘circumgalactic medium’ (CGM) and then come back. He estimated that this gas cloud has a mass equal to at least 3 million suns.

Using data from Hubble, scientists studied the CGM of 11 star-forming galaxies. They found that the presence of carbon extends up to 391,000 light-years away from the galaxy. This distance is much greater than the visible disk of our galaxy, 100,000 light-years wide

Universe journey

University of Washington researcher Samantha Garza compared it to a huge train station. He said that CGM constantly sends material out and pulls it back. When stars explode as supernovae, heavy elements such as carbon and oxygen reach the CGM and are again involved in the cycle of star and planet formation.

According to University of Washington astronomer Jessica Work, ‘The carbon in our bodies has probably returned after spending a lot of time outside the galaxy.’ Since our galaxy, the Milky Way, is still forming stars, it means that the carbon and oxygen around us must have also made this intergalactic journey at least once. This study has been published in ‘The Astrophysical Journal Letter

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