ISRO has written another new chapter of success. It has built the world’s largest indigenous propellant mixer. It is believed that this mixer will prove to be the backbone for ISRO’s future missions.

New Delhi: Just think – what will happen if there is no propellant in the rocket? He won’t be able to go up! This is just like a car cannot run without petrol. The propellant pushes the rocket and makes it go up. These are of different types, like solid, liquid and gas. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has indigenously developed a ’10-tonne propellant mixer’ for solid motors. This propellant mixer has been developed by ISRO’s Satish Dhawan Space Center in collaboration with Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bengaluru. This is being described as another milestone for ISRO. The 10-ton vertical mixer weighs approximately 150 tons and has a length of 5.4 meters, width of 3.3 meters and height of 8.7 meters. ISRO said, the construction of the indigenous 10-tonne vertical mixer is a true testimony of India’s growing technological capability, self-reliance and unwavering commitment towards innovation. Let us know what is this mixer and how India has become the leader in this matter in the world.

How India got ahead of America, Russia and China

This 10-tonne vertical mixer is the world’s largest vertical propellant mixer for processing solid propellant. Which is no less than a great technological miracle. ‘Solid propellants’ are the backbone of rocket motors and their production requires precise mixing of highly sensitive and hazardous ingredients. This is such a success that even America, Russia and China do not have it yet. In this matter, India has gone ahead of these countries

What are propellants, understand it in simple language
Propellant is actually a special type of fuel. It is a gas, liquid or solid thing whose expansion gives motion to another thing or object. Compressed gases such as nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and many halogenated hydrocarbons are used as propellants in aerosol dispensers. The propellant may remain in gaseous form (such as nitrous oxide or carbon dioxide). Or it may liquefy under pressure.

Why are solid propellants better?
Solid propellant is used to produce thrust in rockets and missiles. They are also used in spacecraft boosters and sounding rockets. They are also used in launch vehicles that place satellites in orbit. These are also useful in missile defense systems. Solid propellant is used in automobile airbags. Electrical ignition of the propellant in the airbag produces gas which inflates the airbag. Solid propellants are also used to destroy dangerous biological and chemical agents

Why halogenated propellants were banned?
Food products like artificial whipped cream are made with nitrous oxide or carbon dioxide. At the same time, non-food products, such as cosmetics, pesticides, paints and medicines were previously dispensed with the help of fluorinated hydrocarbons. Since halogenated propellants are believed to threaten the Earth’s ozone layer, they are banned in many countries. They are used only in making some essential items like some medicines, pesticides, lubricants and cleaners for electrical or electronic equipment

Use of solid and liquid propellants in the 20th century
Solid and liquid propellants are substances that burn rapidly, producing gas. Black gunpowder was used as a propellant in guns and rockets until the 20th century. At that time the use of double-base gunpowder (40 percent nitroglycerin, 60 percent nitrocellulose) began. Other modern solid propellants are cast perchlorate (using perchlorate as an oxidizer and various types of oil or rubber as fuel) and mixed propellants (made using ammonium picrate, potassium nitrate, or sodium nitrate with a plastic binder

It’s all a game of liquid oxygen and hydrogen
In olden times black gunpowder was used. More powerful propellants are now used. Like liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. Together, these give the rocket very high speed. Because of these propellants we are able to travel in space. Spray paint, shaving cream, and mosquito repellent spray also contain propellants. These are in the form of gas and come out with pressure

Solid propellants are more preferred in the army
Whether rockets run on liquid fuel or solid fuel, solid fuel rockets are more preferred in the army. Because there is less risk of them bursting and they are always ready for launch. Such engines often send tactical guided missiles, i.e. missiles used in the battlefield, to the target at double the speed

Why are solid rocket propellants becoming more popular?
Propellants for solid-rocket motors are made from a variety of materials. These are made keeping in mind low price, safety and better performance. Their selection also depends on where they are to be used. These generally contain ammonium perchlorate (an oxidizer), powdered aluminum (a fuel) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB). Together, these give tremendous power to the rocket. This means that such a huge technology is used in a small missile

Solid propellant and explosive look similar
Solid propellants and explosives may appear similar in appearance. But, the main difference between them is in the methods of releasing energy. Both contain oxidizer and fuel. Many things are common in both – like Cyclomethylenetrinitramine (RDX), Cyclomethylenetetranitramine (HMX), Nitroguanidine, Ammonium Nitrate. It also contains ammonium perchlorate and aluminium. Propellants always consist of a mixture, while explosives can largely be single compounds such as RDX or HMX.

China introduced gunpowder rocket in war
The introduction of gunpowder rockets into warfare can be attributed to the ancient Chinese. The Mongols played an important role in the adoption of such solid propellants in the 13th century. Solid fuel rockets can remain in storage without losing much propellant. Since they always launch reliably, they are used in military applications such as missiles. It is easy to transport them

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