Scientists have achieved a very unique achievement. With the help of ground telescope, he has made a map of the layers of the planet’s atmosphere trillions of kilometers away. The information they got through this was something no one had ever imagined even in their dreams. They have found winds of metals flowing in many layers on the planet.

highlights
Scientists created a 3D map of the atmosphere of a distant planet.
Winds of metals were found flowing in the planet’s atmosphere.
The planet’s atmosphere is a mixture of hot and cold winds.

Far away outside our solar system, in our own galaxy, there are many stars which have their own planets. Apart from exploring these planets, scientists also investigate their atmosphere, which is a very difficult task. In a new study, scientists have succeeded in making a 3D map of a planet billions of miles away by studying its atmosphere. But the surprising thing is its results which have revealed that there are streams of metal flowing in the air, which was not even imagined in any science fiction.

This is the first time we have seen such an atmosphere.
With the help of the European Southern Observatory in Chile and other telescopes, scientists studied the exoplanet WASP-121b, also known as Tylos. This extremely hot Jupiter planet is located at a distance of 900 light years from Earth towards the constellation Puppis. The results obtained in this study are unprecedented, that is, they have been obtained for the first time and are quite shocking.

Very hot on one side, very cold on the other
Lead author of the study and ESO researcher Julia Victorisay Sidel said that the planet’s atmosphere is directly challenging our understanding of how climates work. It seems like this is something out of science fiction. This planet revolves around its star in 30 hours, one side of which is very hot and the other side is very cold.

Because of this difference in temperature there is a very vivid type of atmosphere. There is a jet stream moving matter near the planet’s equator, causing gas at the lower levels to move from the hotter side to the cooler side. This has not been seen before in any planet

very strong storm winds
Researchers have found the presence of iron and other gases at different heights in the sky of Tylos. From this they came to know about very fast blowing winds. Even the most powerful storms in our system are very quiet in comparison. He measured the activity of iron, sodium, and hydrogen in the layers of the atmosphere and obtained complete information about the flow of matter. Researchers say that doing this with a space telescope is a very difficult task.

The lower parts of the planet’s atmosphere are hotter while the upper parts are colder. Apart from iron, he also saw streams of titanium among the metals. Scientists are excited by the results of the study published in Nature, and are hoping to study their atmosphere in greater depth through this method.

What is the atmosphere of exoplanets?

Exoplanetary atmospheres are like nothing we’ve seen before; some have temperatures that reach thousands of degrees, while others have more water vapor than there is water in all of Earth’s oceans

How can we measure the atmosphere of exoplanets?

To measure the atmosphere, we observe the transit of the exoplanet as it passes in front of its star, this causes a small dimming effect on the measured starlight which corresponds to the relative size of the planet.

How can we calculate the composition of the atmosphere of an exoplanet?

Transit Spectroscopy: Reading the Light – Once light is captured, it can be probed to reveal the composition of exoplanet atmospheres

A 3D mapping of earth like planets

3D mapping of Earth-like planets” refers to creating a three-dimensional representation of planets outside our solar system that share similar characteristics to Earth, allowing scientists to visualize their potential surface features, atmospheres, and even potential habitability, often using data collected from telescopes and advanced observation techniques; essentially, it’s like a detailed virtual globe of an exoplanet, enabling deeper study of these distant worlds. 

Key points about 3D mapping of Earth-like planets: 

• Data sources:Astronomers use data from space telescopes like Hubble and the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope to gather information about an exoplanet’s size, composition, and atmospheric conditions, which are then used to create a 3D model. 

• Challenges:
  • Limited resolution: Due to the vast distances, directly imaging an exoplanet’s surface details is extremely difficult, making most 3D models based on inferred data. 
  • Atmospheric analysis: Studying an exoplanet’s atmosphere is crucial for understanding its potential for life, but requires sophisticated techniques to interpret the light signals received. 
• Applications:
  • Habitability assessment: By analyzing the 3D model, scientists can evaluate whether an exoplanet lies within its star’s habitable zone, potentially allowing for liquid water on the surface, a key factor for life as we know it. 
  • Climate modeling: Studying the atmospheric dynamics of an exoplanet can help researchers predict weather patterns and potential extreme conditions. 
  • Public outreach: Visualizing exoplanets in 3D can help engage the public with the exciting field of exoplanet research. 

Examples of recent advancements in 3D exoplanet mapping: 

• WASP-121b:Scientists recently created the first 3D map of the atmosphere of an exoplanet, revealing its chaotic weather patterns with extreme temperature variations due to its tight orbit around its star. 
• Future potential:With the development of more powerful telescopes like the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), astronomers will be able to
  Earth-like exoplanets in greater detail, potentially allowing for even more accurate 3D mapping. 
  
  
  

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