The “path to the underworld,” referring to a significant gravitational dip in the Indian Ocean known as the Indian Ocean Geoid Low (IOGL), has been linked to the ancient Tethys Ocean and its demise approximately 140 million years ago. Research using computer models has traced how tectonic movements and magma flows in the mantle caused this gravitational anomaly. 

Here’s a more detailed explanation:

• The IOGL:This area in the Indian Ocean exhibits a noticeable gravitational dip, essentially a “hole” in the Earth’s surface. 
• Tethys Ocean’s Legacy:The study published in Geophysical Research Letters reveals that the IOGL is linked to the remnants of the ancient Tethys Ocean, which existed before the formation of the Indian Ocean. 
• Tectonic Movements and Magma Flows:Computer models have shown how the sinking of the Tethys Ocean’s crust and magma plumes contributed to the formation of the IOGL. 
• 140 Million Years Ago:The research focuses on a time period around 140 million years ago when India was part of the supercontinent Gondwana, and the Tethys Ocean separated it from Asia. As Gondwana fragmented and India drifted northward, the Tethys Ocean began to close and eventually disappear. 

Why is 95% of the ocean unexplored?

The ocean remains largely unexplored due to its immense size, extreme conditions, and limited exploration technology. The deep ocean presents challenges of extreme pressure, darkness, cold temperatures, and lack of visibility, making exploration difficult and costly. Additionally, a lack of detailed maps and data, coupled with funding constraints, further hinders exploration efforts. 

Here’s a more detailed look at the reasons: 

• Extreme Conditions:The deep ocean is characterized by crushing pressure, total darkness (beyond the “sunlight zone” at about 200 meters), and extremely cold temperatures. These conditions make it challenging for humans and equipment to survive and operate effectively. 
• Limited Technology:While technology has improved, it still lags behind the sheer scale and complexity of the ocean. Exploration tools like submarines and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are costly and require specialized expertise. 
• Lack of Maps and Data:While sonar can generate maps of the seafloor, detailed information about the ocean’s depths and the diverse ecosystems within them is still limited. 
• Funding Constraints:Ocean exploration is often a high-cost undertaking, and funding for research and exploration projects can be limited. 
• Complexity and Unpredictability:The ocean’s vastness and the sheer number of unknown factors can make it daunting to fully explore. 

there a hidden world under the ocean?

Scientists have discovered potential patches of Earth’s ancient crust, sometimes called the “sunken worlds”, deep within the mantle, all thanks to a new way of mapping the interior of our planet

there a hidden world in Earth?

Potential patches of Earth’s ancient crust, sometimes called “sunken worlds,” may have just been discovered deep within the mantle, thanks to a new way of mapping the inside of our planet. However, these mysterious blobs appear in places they should not, leaving researchers scratching their heads.

Is there a real city under the sea?

Pavlopetri

It is an ancient Greek city that now lies underwater off the coast of southern Laconia in Greece. The remains of Pavlopetri include streets, buildings, and tombs preserved underwater. Archaeologists study these ruins to understand ancient lifestyles and city planning

Patal Lok in Earth?

In Indian religions, Patala (Sanskrit: पाताल, IAST: pātāla, lit. that which is below the feet), denotes the subterranean realms of the universe – which are located under the earthly dimension. Patala is often translated as underworld or netherworld

Atlantis a myth?

“It’s a great myth. It has a lot of elements that people love to fantasize about.” Plato told the story of Atlantis around 360 B.C. The founders of Atlantis, he said, were half god and half human. They created a utopian civilization and became a great naval power

The ocean continues to reveal surprising and sometimes unsettling discoveries, from giant seamounts to unique creatures like the vampire squid and the barreleye fish. Life thrives in unexpected places, like below hydrothermal vents, and the ocean also holds mysteries like the Baltic Sea anomaly and the Bermuda Triangle. 

Here’s a closer look at some of these discoveries:

Giant Seamounts: A seamount near Guatemala, discovered using sonar, is twice as tall as the Burj Khalifa and covers 5.4 square miles, highlighting the vastness of the undiscovered underwater world. These seamounts provide crucial habitats for deep-sea corals, sponges, and invertebrates, says Live Science. 

Life Under the Seafloor: Researchers found communities of tubeworms, snails, and slithering worms living in volcanic caves beneath the seafloor, previously thought inhospitable. These discoveries demonstrate the incredible biodiversity of the deep sea and how life can adapt to extreme environments. 

Unique Creatures:

• Vampire squid:These cephalopods, with their unique appearance and adaptations for deep-sea life, have fascinated scientists for years. 
• Barreleye fish:This fish has a transparent head and unique, rotating eyes that allow it to see in the dim light of the deep sea. 
• Sea angel:These predatory sea snails, also known as “sea angels,” are found in the deep Antarctic waters, hunting shelled pteropods. 
• Giant Siphonophore:This colonial animal, which can grow over 40 meters long, is a living testament to the incredible diversity of the deep sea. 

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