White Holes is a book by Carlo Rovelli that explores the idea of white holes. White holes are compact objects that reverse the arrow of time. In a white hole, nothing can ever enter, only escape.
In White Holes, Rovelli investigates whether all black holes could eventually turn into white holes. He has dedicated his career to uniting the ideas of general relativity and quantum mechanics.
In the book, Rovelli takes readers on a journey into the heart of a black hole. He describes how geometry folds, equations draw tight around us, and time and space pull and stretch. Finally, at the black hole’s core, space and time dissolve, and a white hole is born.
Rovelli has been called “the poet of physics”. He has also written Seven Brief Lessons on Physics.
The configuration of a black hole and a white hole is called a wormhole. A wormhole is a tunnel through space-time that allows matter to pass between universes.
White holes are hypothetical objects that are the opposite of black holes. Black holes can only be entered from the outside, and nothing can escape from them. White holes are bright and can’t be entered from the outside, but matter and light can escape from them.
There’s no evidence that white holes exist. However, some scientists have suggested that super-energetic objects like quasars are white holes. They’ve also suggested that the Big Bang was a gigantic white hole.
There are no observed white holes in the universe. White holes are a hypothetical feature of the universe. They’re a possible solution of Einstein’s field equations, but that doesn’t prove that they’re possible.
The laws of thermodynamics and entropy say that white holes are practically impossible. They would only exist for a short period of time. The only way to form a white hole would be if some exotic process in the early universe made it part of the fabric of space-time.
Scientists have calculated that one tiny white hole is needed per 2,400 cubic miles. The white hole would be much smaller than a proton and about a millionth of a gram.
Einstein didn’t predict white holes. He thought black holes were too outlandish to investigate. However, his theory of general relativity predicts white holes. Karl Schwarzschild, a collaborator of Einstein, found the solutions to the theory of general relativity that predicted white holes.
White holes are a solution to the Einstein field equations. They’re predicted as part of the maximally extended version of the Schwarzschild metric, which describes an eternal black hole with no charge and no rotation.
In 1976, Stephen Hawking explored white holes. He said, “If there are objects called Black Holes, which things can fall into, but not get out, there ought to be other objects, that things can come out of but not fall into. One could call these White Holes”.
The idea of white holes was first proposed by physicist Roger Penrose in the 1960s. Penrose suggested that the laws of general relativity would predict the existence of objects that emit matter and energy instead of absorbing them.
Other scientists who have proposed white holes include:
Igor Novikov A Soviet cosmologist who proposed the possibility of white holes in 1964.
Martin David Kruskal A mathematician who extended Schwarzchild’s work to include a reflection of the black hole singularity.
Carlo Rovelli A theoretical physicist who led a team that suggested that black holes could transform into white holes.
- Stephen Hawking Proposed that supermassive black gives rise to supermassive white holes
White Holes by Carlo Rovelli is a book about the possibility that black holes could turn into white holes. White holes are compact objects that reverse the arrow of time. In a white hole, matter can only leave, but nothing can ever enter.
In the book, Rovelli investigates whether all black holes could eventually turn into white holes. He proposes that light leaks from a black hole as it ends, and that this light restarts time. He also argues that this kind of singularity does not happen in nature.
Rovelli has been called “the poet of physics”. He writes about the work of a scientist and the marvels of the universe.
Other books by Carlo Rovelli include:
- There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness
- Anaximander
- Helgoland
- The Order of Time
- Reality Is Not What It Seems
- Seven Brief Lessons on Physics
Universe discoveries 
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