According to a recent study, scientists have detected high-frequency plasma waves in the upper atmosphere of Mars. The waves have unique narrowband and broadband characteristics that can help researchers understand plasma processes in the Martian plasma environment. 

The study used high-resolution electric field data from NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN) spacecraft. The waves are either broadband- or narrowband-type with distinguishable features in the frequency domain. 

In plasma physics, waves in plasmas are a set of particles and fields that propagate in a periodically repeating fashion. A plasma is a quasineutral, electrically conductive fluid. Due to its electrical conductivity, a plasma couples to electric and magnetic fields

Scientists have detected existence of high-frequency plasma waves in the Martian Upper Atmosphere with novel narrowband and broadband features that can help to understand plasma processes in the Martian plasma environment

Plasma waves can form spontaneously when there is a large deviation from thermal equilibrium. This non-equilibrium feature is called a free energy source. Examples of free energy sources include beams and anisotropies in the velocity distribution of the particles. 

Beams of energetic particles can be generated by a variety of sources, such as shock waves or magnetic reconnection events. These beams can generate waves in the background plasma, either by instabilities or via Cherenkov and cyclotron emission. 

At higher frequencies, the separate behavior of ions and electrons causes the wave velocities to vary with direction and frequency.

These waves could be either electron oscillations that propagate parallel to the background magnetic field (Langmuir waves) or electron oscillations that propagate perpendicular to the background magnetic field (upper-hybrid type waves) in the magnetosheath region of the Mars

In plasma physics, waves in plasmas are a set of particles and fields that propagate in a periodically repeating fashion

Plasma is an electrically conducting medium that contains roughly equal numbers of positively and negatively charged particles. It is sometimes called the fourth state of matter, distinct from the solid, liquid, and gaseous states. 

Plasma waves are very complex due to the electrical character of the plasma medium. Some of these waves have electric and magnetic fields, and are similar to the electromagnetic waves in free space. These are called electromagnetic waves. 

Waves in plasmas can be classified as electromagnetic or electrostatic according to whether or not there is an oscillating magnetic field. 

Plasma has various applications in different fields, some of them are mentioned here: 

• Medical sciences 
• Cleaning the environment and surfaces (Plasma Cleaning) 
• Functionalizing different surfaces

According to a recent study, scientists have detected high-frequency plasma waves in the upper atmosphere of Mars. These waves were observed on February 9, 2015, when the NASA Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN) spacecraft crossed the magnetopause boundary and entered the magnetosheath region

The waves have unique narrowband and broadband characteristics that can help scientists understand plasma processes in the Martian plasma environment

Mars’s atmosphere is very thin and made up of 95.9% carbon dioxide and 2.7% nitrogen. It’s not thick enough to trap the sun’s heat, so the planet is very cold, ranging from -100℃ in winter to 20℃ in summer. 

Scientists estimate that Mars will not lose its entire atmosphere for about 2 billion more years. However, without a protective global magnetic field like Earth’s, a Mars with an Earth-like atmosphere would likely lose its atmosphere to solar winds over a period of tens of millions to hundreds of millions of years. 

Some proposed methods to establish an oxygen rich atmosphere on Mars include: 

• Releasing greenhouse gases to warm the planet 
• Releasing stored carbon dioxide 
• Using plants to produce oxygen 

However, these processes would likely take centuries or even millennia to significantly alter Mars’ atmosphere.

On February 9, 2015, the NASA Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN) spacecraft observed high-frequency plasma waves as it crossed the magnetopause boundary and entered the magnetosheath region. The waves were observed around 5 local time (LT). 

The waves are either broadband or narrowband, with distinguishable features in the frequency domain. The narrowband waves have a spectral peak above the electron plasma frequency. 

The waves could be either electron oscillations that propagate parallel to the background magnetic field (Langmuir waves) or electron oscillations that propagate perpendicular to the background magnetic field (upper-hybrid type waves). 

The MAVEN spacecraft was launched in November 2013 and arrived at Mars in September 2014. The spacecraft’s orbital time period is nearly 4.5 hours. (Please don’t forget to subscribe like and donate to Skmaniablogs.in)

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