The story of the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) begins in the 1960s when Homi Jahangir Bhabha and Vikram Sarabhai laid the groundwork for India’s space program. In 1965, Bhabha began exploring the possibilities of an indigenous satellite. The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was a successful project that helped develop INSAT. 

INSAT is a series of multipurpose satellites launched by ISRO in 1983. It is the largest domestic communication system in the Asia-Pacific region. INSAT provides services for telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue. It also offers services for satellite newsgathering, societal applications, weather forecasting, and disaster warning. 

The formal journey of INSAT commenced in 1982, with a vision extending beyond the domain of space exploration to bridge the terrestrial divides within India’s varied landscape. However, the path was fraught with challenges. The early years were marked by reliance on international cooperation

INSAT-1A was launched on April 10, 1982from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. It was launched by NASA using a Delta 3910 rocket with a PAM-D upper stage. 

INSAT-1A is India’s first telecommunications and meteorology satellite. It was abandoned in September 1983 when its attitude control propellant was exhausted

Yes, India’s first operational multipurpose communication and meteorology satellite was launched in 1982. However, due to technical issues, it was abandoned within 18 months of its launch. 

The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system was commissioned with the launch of INSAT-1B in August 1983. INSAT-1A was the first satellite to be launched, but it couldn’t complete its mission. 

India’s first satellite was Aryabhata, which was launched on April 19, 1975. It was designed and built in India and launched by a Soviet Kosmos-3M rocket from Kapustin Yar

The Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment (APPLE) was India’s first communication satellite, launched on June 19, 1981. The satellite was an experimental, three-axis stabilized Geostationary communication satellite. It was used in several communication experiments and served as a testbed for India’s telecommunications space relay infrastructure

APPLE was launched by Ariane-1 from French Guiana. The satellite was carried on a non-metallic bullock cart to avoid reflections off the metal plates, which could have affected the satellite’s antenna

INSAT-1B is the first communication satellite in the INSAT series. It was launched on August 30, 1983. 

The INSAT system is a series of satellites launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for meteorology, television, and telecommunications. The INSAT-I was launched in 1982, followed by INSAT-II in 1983 and INSAT-III in 1988. 

The INSAT system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the Asia-Pacific region. The INSAT-1B launch in 1983 marked the beginning of a major revolution in India’s communication sector

INSAT-1A’s main mission is cloud observation. It also provides combined telecommunications, direct television broadcast, and meteorological services to India’s civilian community. 

The INSAT system has over 200 transponders in the C, Extended C, and Ku-bands. It also has a Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR) and CCD cameras for meteorological imaging. 

The National Remote Sensing Centre uses INSAT imagery to locate missing persons and aircraft

Its objectives were to satisfy various needs in the domains of communications, meteorology, broadcasting, as well as search and rescue operations. The first satellite in the series was the INSAT-1A which was launched by NASA. It was built by Ford Aerospace, an American company

NASA rejected India’s first satellite system, INSAT, because of a lack of benefits for the American space agency. 

INSAT, or the Indian National Satellite System, is a series of satellites launched by ISRO in 1983. It’s used for telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, search and rescue operations, and monitoring natural disasters. 

Here are some other issues that NASA has experienced with INSAT-1A:

• The satellite’s S-band transponders overheated and failed 
• The stabilization boom failed to deploy 
• A fault in a valve in its attitude control system was detected, causing the spacecraft to use propellant at a greater rate than expected 

The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the Asia-Pacific region. It’s used for a variety of services, including: 

• Telecommunications: INSAT offers improved telephone service and long-distance communications. 
• Broadcasting: INSAT provides increased television coverage and is effective at conveying weather details. 
• Meteorology: INSAT offers enhanced weather forecasting and advance warning on disasters. 
• Search and rescue: INSAT offers search and rescue services. 
• Satellite newsgathering: INSAT provides satellite newsgathering services. INSAT also allows for the rapid expansion of TV and telecommunication facilities to remote areas and off-shore islands

Contribution of INSAT in broadcasting is very important as from television broadcasting to convey weather details are highly effective through the INSAT satellite system. INSAT is also beneficial in weather management, telecommunication, and all. Hence, it has importance in broadcasting vital information.

As of February 2024, India’s latest weather satellite is INSAT-3DS. INSAT-3DS is a third-generation meteorological satellite that weighs 2,274 kg and is designed to monitor land and ocean surfaces for weather forecasting and disaster warning. It is an exclusive mission designed to be operated from a geostationary orbit. 

India currently has two other meteorological satellites: INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR. INSAT-3D was launched in 2013, while INSAT-3DR was launched in 2016.

The INSAT program is a joint venture between the Indian space, telecommunication, meteorological, and radio-Doordarshan departments. The program’s goal is to improve the experience of search-rescue operations, broadcasting, telecommunications, and other operations. 

INSAT satellites support telecommunication applications, such as voice and data communications. They also serve as satellite links to connect remote regions of India and as backup links for mainland connectivity

As of 2016, the INSAT system has 11operational satellites that orbit in geostationary orbit

What is the orbit of INSAT satellite?

INSAT-3A was launched by European Ariane-5G Launch Vehicle into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) with a perigee of 200 km and an apogee of 35,980 km. The satellite is maneuvered to its final orbit by firing the satellite’s apogee motor.

Here are some recent proud moments for India:

• Chandrayaan-3 In August 2023, India became the first country to land on the moon’s south pole with its successful Chandrayaan-3 mission. The mission helped students celebrate and showed the skills of Indian scientists. It also helped India become a space superpower, and gave the world a better view of the moon’s topography. 
• Reusable launch vehicle In April 2023, Karnataka Chief Minister Basavaraj S Bommai praised ISRO for successfully conducting the Reusable Launch Vehicle Autonomous Landing. 
• ISRO’s space program India’s space program is known for its focus on developing indigenous technologies and techniques. ISRO is a leading manufacturer of launch vehicles and satellites, and also provides low-cost launch services to other countries

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